- •От автора
- •Unit 1 continents
- •Basic vocabulary
- •Read the following text about the discovery of continental drift Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Prepare your own reports about different continents so that they include the following information:
- •Translate the following text into Russian The Structure Of The Earth
- •Render the following texts in English
- •Глубинные процессы Земли и их поверхностные проявления
- •Unit 2 relief
- •Vocabulary. Find the names from the list on the map.
- •Read the following text about mountain chains Mountain Chains
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Render the following text in English Образование гор
- •Match the name of a mountain chain with its description, translate the descriptions into Russian
- •Prepare your own reports about different mountain chains so that they include the following information:
- •Read the following text about deserts. Deserts
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Desert Air Part1
- •Prepare your own reports about different deserts so that they include the following information:
- •Unit 3 oceans and seas
- •Vocabulary. Find the names from the list on the map.
- •Islands
- •Read and translate the text. Oceans
- •Render the following Russian text in English, pay attention to the use of tenses
- •Prepare your own reports about different oceans so that they include the following information:
- •Read the following text about coral reefs
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Unit 4 coasts
- •4.1 Vocabulary. Find the names from the list on the map.
- •4.2 Choose among the following texts. Render it for your groupmates. Pay attention to the marked words and expressions. Waves
- •Longshore Drift
- •Physical Management: Coastal Defenses
- •Cliffs and Sea Stacks
- •Mud Flats and Salt Marshes
- •4.3 Match the following terms with their definitions.
- •4.4 Choose any part from the Series “Coast” about the coast of the uk. Watch it and prepare a report for rest of the group.
- •Unit 5 rivers and lakes
- •5.1 Vocabulary. Find the names from the list on the map.
- •5.2 Work in small groups asking your partners questions based on the tables above and the map.
- •5.3 Work with the following on-line quizzes:
- •5.4 Read the text about Chinese rivers and lakes Rivers and Lakes
- •5.5 Answer the following questions:
- •5.6 Translate the following texts into English
- •Озеро Ая
- •Река Катунь
- •5.7 Choose any river or lake, gather as much information about it as you can, taking into account geographical, environmental, cultural and economic aspects. Prepare a tourist advertisement.
- •5.8 Match the following terms with their definitions.
- •5.9 Additional Vocabulary. Check the pronunciation
- •Unit 6 countries and peoples
- •6.1 Vocabulary.
- •Demonyms - Names of Nationalities
- •6.3 Work with the following on-line quizzes:
- •6.5 Answer the following questions:
- •6.6 Translate the following text into Russian What do you call a person from? http://www.Geography-site.Co.Uk/pages/countries/demonyms.Html
- •Summer in the City
- •Answer the questions:
- •7.1 Vocabulary.
- •7.2 Read the text about the Age of Discovery. Age of Discovery
- •Exploration by Land
- •Exploration begins in Portugal
- •A New World?
- •Decline of the Portuguese monopoly
- •Northern European involvement
- •End of the Age of Exploration
- •Global impact of the Age of Discovery
- •Economic and cultural impacts of the Age of Exploration on European powers
- •7.3 Answer the following questions:
- •7.4 Render the following Russian text in English
- •Исследование португальцами западного берега Африки
- •Открытие морских путей в Америку и Индию
- •Завоевание Америки конкистадорами. Плавание Магеллана
- •Русские землепроходцы. Северо-Восточный и Северо-Западный проходы
- •Открытие Австралии. Значение Великих географических открытий
- •Ancient Mariners Sailed Between Mexico and South America
- •Vocabulary
- •7.6 Prepare a talk about a famous explorer of your choice
- •7.7 Watch a part from the bbc series Blood of the Vikings: The Sea Road
- •Vocabulary
- •Answer the questions:
- •7.8 Work with the following on-line quizzes:
- •Unit 8 world wonders
- •8.1 Vocabulary.
- •8.2 Choose several of the following texts. Render it for your groupmates. World’s top 100 wonders
- •Pyramids of Egypt
- •Great Wall of China
- •Taj Mahal
- •Serengeti Migration
- •Galapagos Islands
- •Grand Canyon
- •Machu Picchu
- •Iguazu Falls
- •Amazon rain forest
- •Ngorongoro Crater
- •Great Barrier Reef
- •Angkor Wat
- •Victoria Falls
- •Forbidden City
- •Teotihuacan
- •Banaue Rice Terraces
- •Bora Bora
- •8.3 Render the following Russian text about ancient world wonders in English Семь чудес света
- •8.4 Answer the following questions:
- •8.5 Prepare a talk about any natural or man-made place that you consider to be a world wonder
- •8.6 Match the names of the following new world wonders with some facts about them
- •8.7 Work with the following on-line quizzes:
- •Unit 9 world mysteries
- •9.1 Vocabulary
- •9.2 Read the text about the Mariana Trench Researchers Uncover Mystery of the Mariana Trench
- •9.3 Answer the following questions:
- •9.4 Translate the following Russian text into English Марианская Впадина - “Четвертый Полюс Земли” http://planeta.Rambler.Ru/community/begemotik52/24292023.Html
- •9.5 Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions given below. Translate the text. Easter island
- •9.6 Prepare a talk about some mysterious place in the world of your choice
- •Vocabulary
- •Stonehenge
- •Unit 10 natural disasters
- •10.1 Vocabulary
- •10.2 Read the text about natural disasters Natural Disasters
- •Avalanches
- •Hurricanes
- •Earthquakes
- •Tornadoes
- •Lightning
- •Tsunamis
- •10.3 Answer the following questions:
- •10.4 Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions given below. Translate the text.
- •Tsunami
- •10.5 Translate the following Russian text into English Убытки от стихийных бедствий и природных катаклизмов
- •Disasters and Public Health: Part 1 Causes: How Natural Are “Natural Disasters”?
- •Vocabulary
- •10.8 Translate the following text into Russian Natural Disasters: Hurricanes, Tornadoes, Forest Fires, Floods, Blizzards And Volcanoes
- •10.9 Work with the following on-line quizzes:
- •Contents
Read and translate the text. Oceans
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/ocean/
Oceans cover about 70% of the Earth's surface. The oceans contain roughly 97% of the Earth's water supply.
The oceans of Earth are unique in our Solar System. No other planet in our Solar System has liquid water (although recent finds on Mars indicate that Mars may have had some liquid water in the recent past). Life on Earth originated in the seas, and the oceans continue to be home to an incredibly diverse web of life.
The oceans of Earth serve many functions, especially affecting the weather and temperature. They moderate the Earth's temperature by absorbing incoming solar radiation (stored as heat energy). The always-moving ocean currents distribute this heat energy around the globe. This heats the land and air during winter and cools it during summer.
The Earth's oceans are all connected to one another. Until the year 2000, there were four recognized oceans: the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, and Arctic. In the Spring of 2000, the International Hydrographic Organization delimited a new ocean, the Southern Ocean (it surrounds Antarctica and extends to 60 degrees latitude).
There are also many seas (smaller branches of an ocean); seas are often partly enclosed by land. The largest seas are the South China Sea, the Caribbean Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea.
Ocean |
Area (miles2) |
Average depth (ft) |
Deepest depth (ft) |
Pacific Ocean |
64,186,000 |
15,215 |
Mariana Trench, 36,200 |
Atlantic Ocean |
33,420,000 |
12,881 |
Puerto Rico Trench, 28,231 |
Indian Ocean |
28,350,000 |
13,002 |
Java Trench, 25,344 |
Southern Ocean |
7,848,300 |
13,100 - 16,400 |
the southern end of the South Sandwich Trench, 23,736 |
Arctic Ocean |
5,106,000 |
3,953 |
Eurasia Basin, 17,881 |
Render the following Russian text in English, pay attention to the use of tenses
Согласно исследованиям ученых из Ратгерского университета, уровень мирового океана повышается в последние два столетия в два раза быстрее, чем в прежнюю эпоху – скорость достигла 2 мм в год.
Профессор геологии Кеннет Миллер и его коллеги из Ратгерского университета провели ряд исследований почвы на побережье океана в Нью-Джерси и установили, что от 5000 до 200 лет назад ежегодный подъем уровня мирового океана составлял 1 мм, сообщает LiveScience. Наблюдения за уровнем океана по приливам, проводившиеся с 1850 года, и недавние исследования с помощью спутников зафиксировали, что скорость наступления воды уже достигла 2 мм.
Если эта тенденция сохранится, через 13 лет уровень мирового океана поднимется на 2,5 см. Полученные данные – свидетельство изменений климата Земли, происходящих в последнее время, утверждают ученые.
«Если бы мы не изучили изменение скорости ежегодного подъема уровня океана за последние несколько тысяч лет, можно было бы предположить, что прирост всегда составлял 2 мм в год, - комментирует профессор Миллер. – Но теперь на основе проведенных исследований мы делаем вывод, что так было не всегда и эта тенденция возникла сравнительно недавно».
Рост скорости ежегодного подъема уровня воды в мировом океане совпал с началом индустриальной эпохи. Результаты исследования, предпринятого учеными, противоречат широко распространенной теории, согласно которой подъем уровня океана в основном обусловлен тектоническими процессами в земной коре. Вероятно, основной причиной наступления водной стихии в данном случае следует считать бурное развитие промышленности в последние полтора века, хотя колебания уровня мирового океана, получившие название эвстатических, отмечались и раньше.
