§ 3. Инфинитив (Infinitive ).

Инфинитив в английском языке — это неличная форма глагола, которая только называет действие, не имеет категорий рода и числа и отвечает на вопросы что делать? что сделать? В предложении употребляется с частицей to.

She decided to go to bed earlier. - Она решила лечь спать пораньше.

Формы инфинитива

	Действительный залог	Страдательный залог	Пример
Present	To go	To be gone	I’d like to go for a walk
Present Continuous	To be going	-	He must be working now
Perfect	To have gone	To have been gone	He claims to have seen a ghost
Perfect Continuous	To have been going	-	She looks tired. She seems to have been working all morning.

Использование инфинитива

Инфинив с to	Инфинитив без to
Для выражения цели She went out to buy some books	После модальных глаголов You must do it.
После определенных глаголов таких как Agree, arrange, choose, claim, demand, expect, hope, intend, plan и др.	После выражений would better, would rather
После определенных прилагательных таких как happy, glad и др. После вопросительных слов where, how, which, who	После let, make, feel (для выражения законченного действия)
После слов like, would like, would prefer для выражения предпочтения
После конструкций too, enough
После существительных It's pleasure to work there

Контрольная работа № 5

Задание 1.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме.

1. If my brother (to be) in trouble, I will help him, of course.

2. If I do not manage to finish my report today, I (to stay) at home today.

3. If she were more careful about her diet, she (not to be) so stout.

4. You would not feel so bad if you (not to smoke) too much.

5. I (to translate) this text, if you gave me your dictionary for a couple of weeks.

6. If Barbara (to get) up at half past eight, she would have been late for the university.

Задание 2.

Переведите на английский язык.

1. Если бы он сходил к доктору, он бы вылечился быстрее.

2. Я помогу тебе выполнить задание, если буду свободен.

3. Мы бы не опоздали на поезд, если бы вышли пораньше.

4. Если студенты будут посещать все лекции этого преподавателя, то смогут легко подготовится к зачету.

5. Он будет очень рад, если мы придем к нему в гости.

6. Вы бы много знали, если регулярно читали этот журнал.

Задание 3.

Раскройте скобки, используя страдательный залог.

1. My question (to answer) yesterday.

2. Hockey (to play) in winter.

3. Many houses (to burn) during the Great Fire in London.

4. This work (to do) tomorrow.

5. Many interesting lessons (to hold) by this teacher.

6. His new book (to finish) next year.

7. This test ( to write) last week

8. Lost time never (to find) again

Задание 4. Составьте предложения из слов в скобках, используя страдательный залог.

1. ( this machine/ not/use/ very often)

2. ( this room/ paint/ last month)

3. (what language/ speak/ in Ethiopia?)

4. ( football/ play/ next week/ at the stadium)

5. (these houses/ build/ about 50 years ago)

6. (how/ the window/ break?)

7. (why/ the letter/send/ to the wrong address?)

Задание 5.

Составьте собственный текст на тему: «Would you like to set your own business? Why? » Текст должен содержать не менее 15 предложений.

Задание 6.

Прочитайте и переведите текст и ответьте на вопросы.

HOW THE MARKETS WORK

Organized markets in primary commodities are an important part of the facilities available in the United Kingdom for the conduct of international trade. Markets in primary commodities are found in many “countries abroad, some transacting a far greater volume of business than the corresponding markets in the United Kingdom; but these foreign markets are mainly concerned with domestic demand or domestic supply., The distinguishing feature of the UK markets is their international character; in the sphere of international merchanting, that is, buying from one country and selling to another, and in the variety of commodities in which they deal, they are collectively the most important in the world. They have their origins in the history of British exploration and investment overseas and industrialization at home, and in the consequent growth of the United Kingdom’s world- / wide trading links. Because they are international markets, however, they also benefit the economy in two special respects. Firstly, in attracting business from overseas the UK markets play an important part in the use of sterling as an international currency. Their existence has undoubtedly made foreign traders more ready to hold sterling and to «settle an important part of their international transactions in it./ Secondly, there is the benefit of increased invisible earnings. In addition to the profits and commissions earned by the markets direct, a more significant contribution to the UK balance of payments is made by the banking, insurance and shipping services which are employed by commodity traders in the execution of contracts made in the UK markets.

It is customary for these contracts to be drawn up on c.i.f. terms, in which the charges for insurance and freight to the port of destination are included in the contract price; and it follows that bank credits to finance such transactions undertaken by UK merchants, and other related freight and insurance contracts, will tend to be arranged in the United Kingdom.

Questions:

1. Now you know from the text about the three main functions of the commodity markets in the U.K. What are they?

2. Discuss with your colleague how the markets work in the U. K.

3. Say why it is customary for the above contracts to be drawn up on c.i.f. terms.

4. What terms are more often used when making business transactions in this country?

UNIT 6