Примечание к тексту

1. close packed metal lattice – плотно упакованная решетка металлов

XII. Расскажите о свойствах щелочных металлов, пользуясь текстами 10 А и B.

LESSON 11

Грамматика. Инфинитив в функции определения.

Предтекстовые упражнения

1. Обратите внимание на инфинитив в функции определения в следующих предложениях и переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. This scientist was the first to point out the importance of the phenomena observed. 2. They are the last to leave the laboratory. 3. D. I. Mendeleyev was the first scientist to arrange the elements according to their atomic weights. 4. Water to be used for drinking should be thoroughly purified. 5. The action to follow the combination of equal volumes of hydrogen and chlorine in sunlight is known as explosion. 6. Gold was probably one of the first metals to attract the attention of man. 7. The best solvent to be employed for dissolving phosphorus is carbon disulphide. 8. Sodium peroxide mixed with cupric oxide to serve as a catalyst, reacts with water, liberating oxygen. 9. Oxygen has considerable ability to form double bonds. 10. The hardest substance to cut different materials with is diamond.

2. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на выделенные слова:

in spite of – несмотря на

In spite of the high boiling point mercury does show a small vapour presence at an ordinary temperature.

in terms of – на основании; исходя из; на языке; с точки зрения

A material system may be described in terms of the phases constituting it.

3. Прочитайте и переведите следующие слова без словаря:

mendelevium /mendlvm/, function /fkn/, thiosulphate /slfet/, ethylene /eli:n/, classification /klsfken/, vacant /veknt/, position /pzn/, scandium /skndm/, gallium /glm/, germanium /d:menm/, actinium /ktnm/

4. Запомните чтение следующих слов:

contribution /kntrbju:n/, development /dvelpmnt/, subsequent /sbskwnt/, arrangement /rendmnt/, periodicity /prdst/, appreciate /pri:et/, reverse /rv:s/, considerable /knsdrbl/, predict /prdkt/, comprehensive /kmprhensv/, familiar /fmlj/, substantially /sbstnl/, fluorine /flri:n/

TEXT 11 A

The Periodic Law

In spite of the importance of the earlier contributions, the major portion of credit¹ for the development of the periodic system must go to the Russian scientist, Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleyev. The realization that the properties of the elements can be represented as periodic functions of their atomic weights made possible classification that has suffered few significant changes in the subsequent years.

It was in March of 1869 that D. I. Mendeleyev published his first account of the periodic system, in which he set forth the arrangement of the elements in terms of their increasing atomic weights. D. I. Mendeleyev was the first to fully appreciate the significance of this periodicity. In his first paper D. I. Mendeleyev pointed out the similarities of a number of properties of certain elements and reversed the order of atomic weights where necessary in order to maintain this group similarity.

Of considerable interest and importance is the fact that D. I. Mendeleyev left vacant positions in his proposed table for yet undiscovered elements and expressed the opinion that the chemical and physical properties of the elements to be discovered might well² be predicted from their positions in the table. In the summer of 1871 D. I. Mendeleyev published a more comprehensive treatment³ of what he called the Periodic Law. At this time he presented the more familiar form of the periodic table and although it differs somewhat from the one that is in use today, it is substantially the same. It was in his publication of 1871 that D. I. Mendeleyev utilized the periodic character to predict the properties of the elements to be described later as those of scandium, gallium and germanium. The remarkable agreement of the properties of these elements as described by D. I. Mendeleyev and those to be observed later is certainly a complete justification of D. I. Mendeleyev’s faith in his periodic law.

In December 1945 Glenn Seaberg made his first publication of a periodic table which depicted a new actinide series beginning with actinium. He said that American scientists were proud and happy to honour the name of D. I. Mendeleyev by calling element 101 “mendelevium”.