Примечания к тексту

in order to ensure that the energy of the atom should bring people – для обеспечения того, чтобы энергия атома принесла людям

Запомните следующие слова и словосочетания:

all over, a lot, as early as, complex, far and wide, in order to, instead of, give birth to, lay the foundation, make a contribution, not only … but also, outstanding, physics, prominent, rank among

Упражнения

1. Выпишите из текста:

а) эмфатические предложения, начинающиеся с it, и переведите их на русский язык;

б) определительные придаточные предложения;

в) предложения, в которых встречается глагол to have, определите его значение и переведите эти предложения на русский язык.

2. Определите значения it и переведите следующие предложения:

1. It was not easy to translate this article. 2. The students study foreign languages; they find it useful to know them well. 3. It was in Russia that the first atomic station in the world was built. 4. It is known that oxygen makes up one half of the earth’s crust. 5. It was in Russia that the large scale production of synthetic rubber was established. 6. It was the Russian scientist Popov who invented the radio. 7. It is often necessary to determine what weight of a substance is required or produced in a given reaction. 8. It is the laboratory where we will do our experiments. 9. It is often convenient to divide the elements into two groups: metals and non-metals. 10. Chemistry is a very interesting science; we study it at school and at university.

3. Определите по суффиксу, к какой части речи относятся следующие слова и переведите их на русский язык:

Science, scientific, scientist, development, contribution, literary, chemistry, mathematician, rightly, founder, accessible, inventor, technology, radioactive, particular

4. Заполните пропуски следующими словами или словосочетаниями: rank among, very, have made a great contribution, as early as, the very, the foundation, far and wide, in order to, instead of, such as.

1. From … beginning students must work systematically. 2. I am … fond of reading. 3. Russian investigators … to world science. 4. The art of producing glass was known … the first century of our era. 5. M.V. Lomonosov laid … of the Russian literary language. 6. In recent years many natural recourses … coal, natural gas and others have been discovered in our country. 7. The names of many Russian scientists and inventors are known … . 8. Many outstanding discoveries of Russian scientists … the greatest achievements of mankind. 9. Large sums of money were spent … train many thousands of researchers. 10. In an electric lamp, the efficient use of electricity requires that the largest part of energy should be converted into light … heat.

5. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What contribution did the Russians make to world science? 2. Who established the St. Petersburg Academy of science? 3. When was the academy of science established in St. Petersburg? 4. Who founded this Academy? 5. What field of science did M.V. Lomonosov worked in? 6. What did D.I. Mendeleev give the world? 7. What scientists are Russian people proud of? 8. Who was the founder of modern theory of space rockets? 9. Who accomplished the first space flight? 10. What new branches of science have appeared recently?

6. Дайте недостающие основные формы следующих глаголов:

to make, to know, to become, to bring, to build, to give.

7. Переведите на английский язык, пользуясь словами и словосочетаниями из текста:

1. М.В. Ломоносов, Д.И. Менделеев, Н.И. Лобачевский, так же как и другие русские ученые, внесли большой вклад в мировую науку. 2. Весь мир признает достижения русских ученых во всех областях науки. 3. Еще в 1724 году Петр I основал академию наук в Петербурге.

8. Прочитайте текст 1 В не пользуясь словарем.

TEXT 1 B

Science Serves Man

In the 20^th century science has become a force of tremendous social and economic significance.¹ It is becoming a branch of economy serving as the foundation and source² of economic and engineering³ progress.

Important historic events such as the Russian revolutions and World Wars I and II exerted a tremendous influence⁴ on scientific progress. Many advanced countries regarded science as an important part of industrial development.

Russia took one of the leading positions in scientific researches in the world. A lot of research institutions and higher schools were established in our country in the 20^th century. They carry out investigations in all the main branches of science from the study of the structure of matter to space exploration.