- •Seminar 1 fundamentals of grammar. Grammatical categories
- •Get ready to answer the questions below.
- •2. Find Russian equivalents for the following terms; give definitions.
- •3. Give your own examples to illustrate various syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations between phonological, lexical and grammatical lingual units.
- •4. Say which of the strings are synchronic and which are diachronic:
- •5. Describe paradigm realisation of the grammatical categories below using the model:
- •6. Analyse the following oppositions; name the categories realized in each pair and their markers:
- •7. A) Split into groups 1) synthetical forms, 2) analytical forms and 3) free word-combinations. Add a few examples of your own to each group:
- •8. Read the sentences below. Find the cases of oppositional reduction of category of tense:
- •9. Comment on the categories below: decide whether they are a) immanent or reflective, b) transgressive or closed (if (a) is immanent), c) variable feature or constant feature categories:
- •Seminar 2 morphemes and words
- •Get ready to answer the questions below.
- •2. Find Russian equivalents for the following terms; give definitions.
- •I have been thinking about Jane’s decision for a long time.
- •7. Divide the words below into morphemes, identify the distributive type of each of them:
- •8. Split the words below into notional, functional and substitutional. Name the parts of speech they belong to.
- •9. Say to what parts of speech the words in bold may be assigned. Give arguments.
- •10. Study the sentences below and translate them into Russian. Name the parts of speech each word in the sentences belong to. Give arguments.
- •Seminar 3 noun: general characteristics. The category of gender
- •Блох, м.Я. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка / м.Я. Блох. - м.: Высшая школа, 2003. – с. 55-58.
- •Блох, м.Я. Практикум по теоретической грамматике английского языка / м.Я. Блох, т.Н. Семенова, с.В. Тимофеева. – м.: Высшая школа, 2004. – с. 109-110.
- •Get ready to answer the questions below.
- •2. Find Russian equivalents for the following terms; give definitions.
- •7. Give feminine gender nouns for the given masculine gender. Name the lexical means of gender expression.
- •8. Characterise the cases of personification below. Describe the grammatical mechanism and semantic grounds for it.
- •Seminar 4 noun: the categories of number, case and article determination
- •Блох, м.Я. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка / м.Я. Блох. - м.: Высшая школа, 2003. – с. 64-69, 70-82, 83-94.
- •Блох, м.Я. Практикум по теоретической грамматике английского языка / м.Я. Блох, т.Н. Семенова, с.В. Тимофеева. – м.: Высшая школа, 2004. – с. 111, 111-112, 112-113.
- •Get ready to answer the questions below.
- •2. Find Russian equivalents for the following terms; give definitions.
- •3. Use a dictionary to split the nouns into 1) countable; 2) singularia tantum nouns; 3) pluralia tantum nouns. Illustrate their use in context (sentences):
- •7. Arrange the phrases into two columns according to the type of their casal semantics (on the principle of differentiating between possession and qualification) and use the proper articles with them:
- •8. Study the poem below and explain the use of genitive case in it.
- •9. Use the appropriate article, define its meaning and explain your choice with the help of substitution or replacement test like in the model.
- •10. Is the non-use of article meaningful in the examples below? What does the zero article mean in each case?
2. Find Russian equivalents for the following terms; give definitions.
morpheme, morph, allomorph, root, affix, lexical affix, grammatical affix, stem, infix, outer inflexion, inner inflexion, suppletivity, the IC analysis, distribution, complementive distribution, contrastive distribution, non-contrastive distribution, full and empty morphemes, free and bound morphemes, overt and covert morphemes, segmental and suprа-segmental morphemes, additive and replacive morphemes, continuous and discontinuous morphemes
part of speech, semantic properties, formal properties, functional properties, homogeneous (monodifferential) classification, heterogeneous (polydifferential) classification, notional parts of speech, functional parts of speech, substitutional parts of speech, openness/closedness of word classes
3. The word antidisestablishmentarianism is considered to be the longest not-term word in English. Identify its morphemes and describe their meanings. Can you guess the meaning of this word relying on the meanings of the morphemes? Look up the meaning of the word in a dictionary.
4. Analyse the morphological structure of the words below using the linear analysis and IC-analysis.
reproductiveness, irregularities, unexpectedly, babysitter’s
5. Divide the sentence below into elementary meaningful segments (morphs). Which of them are words and which are morphemes? Find intermediary units (half-words – half-morphemes):
I have been thinking about Jane’s decision for a long time.
6. Define the type of the morphemic distribution according to which the given words are grouped.
MODEL: insensible - incapable
allomorphs "-ible" and "-able" are in complementary distribution, as they have the same meaning but are different in their form which is explained by their different environments.
impeccable, indelicate, illiterate, irrelevant;
published, rimmed;
seams, seamless, seamy;
lice, houses;
transfusible, transfusable;
non-flammable, inflammable.
7. Divide the words below into morphemes, identify the distributive type of each of them:
1) full and empty morphemes - lawyer, rejoinder;
2) overt and covert morphemes - chronic, playing;
3) free and bound morphemes – girl - girls;
4) segmental and supra-segmental morphemes - to export - export;
5) additive and replacive morphemes– girl - girls, man - men;
6) continuous and discontinuous morphemes – played - have played
8. Split the words below into notional, functional and substitutional. Name the parts of speech they belong to.
abroad, nowadays, oh, hush, then, in, perhaps, hurrah, behind, or, just, alone, during, foot, worry, every, myself, regular, and, yet
9. The opening stanza of Lewis Carroll’s poem Jabberwocky (from Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There, 1872) contains words which do not exist in the English language. Read it and its French, German and Russian translations. Can you identify the parts of speech to which these words are supposed to belong? Which grammatical markers allow you to do it?
JABBERWOCKY `Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe: All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe. |
Le Jaserroc Il brilgue. Les toves lubricieux Se gyrent en vrilliant dans le gabe; Enmimes sont les gougebosqueux Et les mome rathes horsgrabe. |
Der Jammerwoch Es brillig war. Die schlichte Toven Wirrten und wimmelten in Waben; Und aller-mümsige Burggoven Die mohmen Räth' ausgraben.
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Пендрагон Варкалось. Хливкие шорьки Пырялись по наве И хрюкатали зелюки, Как мюмзики в мове
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