- •The ancient near east
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text I the ancient near east
- •III. Reading skills
- •IV. Vocabulary skills
- •V. Speaking skills
- •VI. Writing skills
- •VII. Translation skills
- •The Fertile Crescent
- •Words to remember
- •Unit II ancient egypt
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text II ancient egypt
- •Mumification
- •III. Reading skills
- •IV. Vocabulary skills
- •V. Speaking skills
- •VI. Writing skills
- •VI. Translation skills
- •Egyptian Religion
- •Words to remember
- •Unit III two great cities oe the indus valley
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text III two great cities of the indus valley
- •III. Reading skills
- •IV. Vocabulary skills
- •V. Speaking skills
- •VI. Writing skills
- •Vil translation skills
- •Words to remember
- •Prehistoric china
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text IV prehistoric china
- •I. Reading skills
- •II. Vocabulary skills
- •V. Speaking skills
- •VIII. Writing skills
- •VII. Translation skills
- •Chinese Writing
- •Words to remember
- •Unit V the aryan empire
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text V the aryan empire
- •III. Reading skills
- •IV. Vocabulary skills
- •Speaking skills
- •V. Writing skills
- •VII. Translation skills
- •Санскрит
- •Upanishads
- •Words to remember
- •Unit VI classes and castes in ancient india
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text VI classes and castes
- •III. Reading skills
- •IV. Vocabulary skills
- •V. Speaking skills
- •VI. Writing skills
- •VII. Translation skills
- •Theories of Caste
- •Words to remember
- •Unit VII the mauryan empire
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text VII the mauryan empire
- •II. Reading skills
- •III. Vocabulary skills
- •IV. Speaking skills
- •V. Writing skills
- •VI. Translation skills
- •Words to remember
- •Unit VIII gupta empire
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text VIII gupta empire
- •III. Reading skills
- •IV. Vocabulary skills
- •V. Speaking skills
- •Compare the first and second native India's dynasties.
- •Trace the main ideas of the Guptas' religious policy.
- •Ask as many questions as you can to cover the rest of the text and ask your groupmates to answer them.
- •In a dialogue try to find some similarities in the development of Indian Empires.
- •VII. Writing skills
- •19. Topics for essay writing:
- •VIII. Translation skills
- •Imaginary Beasts
- •Words to remember
- •Unit IX zhous come to power
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text IX zhous come to power
- •IV. Reading skills
- •V. Vocabulary skills
- •VI. Speaking skills
- •VI. Writing skills
- •VIII. Translation skills
- •Государство Джоу
- •Words to remember
- •Unit X the greek world
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text X the greek world
- •II. Reading skills
- •III. Vocabulary skills
- •VII. Speaking skills
- •2) Ask your classmates to guess the word by your definition.
- •VIII. Writing skills
- •IX. Translation skills
- •Religion
- •Words to remember
- •Unit XI the roman empire
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text XI the roman empire
- •III. Reading skills
- •IV. Vocabulary skills
- •V. Speaking skills
- •VI. Writing skills
- •VII. Translation skills
- •Древний Рим
- •The Roman Empire
- •Words to remember
- •Unit XII neighbours of hercules
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •III. Reading skills
- •IV. Vocabulary skills
- •V. Speaking skills
- •VII. Writing skills
- •VII. Translation skills
- •The Seven Wonders of the World
- •Words to remember
- •Reader sumerians
- •Нittite empire
- •Assyrians
- •Babylonians
- •Peoples oe syria
- •Phoenitians and arameans
- •Anatolia
- •Persians
- •Persian Culture in Achaemenid Times
- •Earliest Egypt
- •Old Kingdom
- •Religion
- •Religions Reform of Akhenaten
- •Indus valley
- •China jade
- •China during q1n dynasty
- •The olympic games Origins and Preparations
- •Preparations and Sacrifices
- •Gladiators
- •One of the most famous buildings from ancient rome
- •Chariot-races
- •Europeans and ancient greece and rome
- •Vocabulary
Speaking skills
Ex. 11. Agree or disagree. Prove your answer:
l. Brahmanism today after the centuries of development is called Buddhism.
2. There was a cultural division between the north and the south of India.
3. Raja was an ultimate and sole ruler of the country.
4. To record the King's activities and to write down the sacred literature of the Aryans scribes appeared.
The Aryans left a large number of remains of physical culture.
Houses were built in wood and in stone.
Aryan society was very much structured according to classes.
The only duty of brahmans was to offer sacrifices to the Indian deities.
In 600 ВС four collections of holy songs appeared.
Religious chants make up the content of the Ramayana, the longest poem in world literature.
The major tenets of the brahman religion are taught within the Mahabharata.
Along with Indra, the primary gods were Agni, Vishnu, and Brahma.
The Vedas were great epic poems and soon became the major literary works of ancient India.
The Mahabharata is the longest poem in world literature.
Ex. 13. a) Answer the following questions to see if you understand every word in the text:
What are the sources that help historians to draw the threads to weave the story of India?
Why is there very little evidence of the Aryans' life and culture?
What period does the Aryan chieftains' expansion of their territories date back to?
What events took place by 600 ВС on the Ganges and the Indus plains?
Why is it possible to speak about a major cultural division between the north and the south of India?
Can we define the Aryan kingdoms as well-structured societies? Why?
Palaces were the citadels of culture, weren't they?
What is the origin of the term "Hinduism"?
What accounts for inequality in the Aryan society?
What were the social duties of the religious priests?
What were the possible reasons for putting some of the religious songs into writing?
When did the four collections of the songs appear?
b) Put questions of your own to the rest of the text and ask your classmates to answer them.
Ex. 14. Develop the ideas of Ex. 3 and discuss them with your classmates.
Ex. 15. Make up a plan of the text, provide each point of the plan with necessary words and word combinations.
Ex. 16. Retell the text using your own plan and expressions from Ex. 4,5.
Ex. 17. Give the gist of the story.
Ex. 18. Role play.
Discuss a recently read book about the Aryans and their religion with one of your classmates.
V. Writing skills
Ex. 19. Make up sentences of your own using the expressions from Ex. 4,5. Provide similar historical context.
Ex. 20. Make a list of:
religious terms;
literary terms.
Ex. 20. Topics for essay writing:
Indian religious experience and culture and its role for the development of Indian history.
Indian epic works.
The Aryans in India's development.
Main features of the Indian Classical Age.
Deities of the brahman religion.