- •The ancient near east
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text I the ancient near east
- •III. Reading skills
- •IV. Vocabulary skills
- •V. Speaking skills
- •VI. Writing skills
- •VII. Translation skills
- •The Fertile Crescent
- •Words to remember
- •Unit II ancient egypt
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text II ancient egypt
- •Mumification
- •III. Reading skills
- •IV. Vocabulary skills
- •V. Speaking skills
- •VI. Writing skills
- •VI. Translation skills
- •Egyptian Religion
- •Words to remember
- •Unit III two great cities oe the indus valley
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text III two great cities of the indus valley
- •III. Reading skills
- •IV. Vocabulary skills
- •V. Speaking skills
- •VI. Writing skills
- •Vil translation skills
- •Words to remember
- •Prehistoric china
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text IV prehistoric china
- •I. Reading skills
- •II. Vocabulary skills
- •V. Speaking skills
- •VIII. Writing skills
- •VII. Translation skills
- •Chinese Writing
- •Words to remember
- •Unit V the aryan empire
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text V the aryan empire
- •III. Reading skills
- •IV. Vocabulary skills
- •Speaking skills
- •V. Writing skills
- •VII. Translation skills
- •Санскрит
- •Upanishads
- •Words to remember
- •Unit VI classes and castes in ancient india
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text VI classes and castes
- •III. Reading skills
- •IV. Vocabulary skills
- •V. Speaking skills
- •VI. Writing skills
- •VII. Translation skills
- •Theories of Caste
- •Words to remember
- •Unit VII the mauryan empire
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text VII the mauryan empire
- •II. Reading skills
- •III. Vocabulary skills
- •IV. Speaking skills
- •V. Writing skills
- •VI. Translation skills
- •Words to remember
- •Unit VIII gupta empire
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text VIII gupta empire
- •III. Reading skills
- •IV. Vocabulary skills
- •V. Speaking skills
- •Compare the first and second native India's dynasties.
- •Trace the main ideas of the Guptas' religious policy.
- •Ask as many questions as you can to cover the rest of the text and ask your groupmates to answer them.
- •In a dialogue try to find some similarities in the development of Indian Empires.
- •VII. Writing skills
- •19. Topics for essay writing:
- •VIII. Translation skills
- •Imaginary Beasts
- •Words to remember
- •Unit IX zhous come to power
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text IX zhous come to power
- •IV. Reading skills
- •V. Vocabulary skills
- •VI. Speaking skills
- •VI. Writing skills
- •VIII. Translation skills
- •Государство Джоу
- •Words to remember
- •Unit X the greek world
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text X the greek world
- •II. Reading skills
- •III. Vocabulary skills
- •VII. Speaking skills
- •2) Ask your classmates to guess the word by your definition.
- •VIII. Writing skills
- •IX. Translation skills
- •Religion
- •Words to remember
- •Unit XI the roman empire
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text XI the roman empire
- •III. Reading skills
- •IV. Vocabulary skills
- •V. Speaking skills
- •VI. Writing skills
- •VII. Translation skills
- •Древний Рим
- •The Roman Empire
- •Words to remember
- •Unit XII neighbours of hercules
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •III. Reading skills
- •IV. Vocabulary skills
- •V. Speaking skills
- •VII. Writing skills
- •VII. Translation skills
- •The Seven Wonders of the World
- •Words to remember
- •Reader sumerians
- •Нittite empire
- •Assyrians
- •Babylonians
- •Peoples oe syria
- •Phoenitians and arameans
- •Anatolia
- •Persians
- •Persian Culture in Achaemenid Times
- •Earliest Egypt
- •Old Kingdom
- •Religion
- •Religions Reform of Akhenaten
- •Indus valley
- •China jade
- •China during q1n dynasty
- •The olympic games Origins and Preparations
- •Preparations and Sacrifices
- •Gladiators
- •One of the most famous buildings from ancient rome
- •Chariot-races
- •Europeans and ancient greece and rome
- •Vocabulary
VI. Translation skills
Ex. 21. Translate into English:
Египет - страна богатой и древней культуры. Почти пять тысяч лет назад в долине Нила возникло одно из первых государств в истории человечества.
Страна расположена в северо-восточной части Африки, омываемой водами Средиземного и Красного морей. Долина Нила стала колыбелью древнеегипетской цивилизации. Геродот назвал Египет «даром Нила». Сами египтяне называли свою страну «Черная Земля».
Культ божественного владыки — фараона и вера в загробную жизнь - вот характерные черты мировоззрения древних египтян. Египтяне верили, что загробный мир - это продолжение земной жизни, поэтому все, чем пользовался человек на земле, может понадобиться ему и в царстве мертвых. Сложное искусство мумификации в древнеегипетских папирусах упоминается как тайное искусство.
Ex. 22. Translate into Russian:
Egyptian Religion
The Egyptian religion was a system of ancient cults based around the natural cycles on which Egypt's agricultural economy depended. Deities personifying these natural forces were often worshipped in local "triads" comprising a god, his spouse and their child, for example Ptah, Sekhmet and Nefertum at Memphis, Osiris, Isis and Horus at Abydos and Amun, Mut and Khons at Thebes. Many deities took the form of birds or animals, for example the falcon Horus or the lioness Sekhmet. Some were bird- or animal-headed humans. As the intermediary between the god and humanity, the pharaoh was responsible for maintaining earthly and divine order, personified by the goddess Maat; to please the other deities and enlist their support in this task, vast temples dedicated to them were built throughout Egypt.
The Egyptians believed that the cosmos was held together by a force known as ma'at. Although open to many translations, ma'at might be considered as the balance that provided right order. It governed the universe from the heavens to the earth, from plants and animals to humans. Even the Nile itself responded to ma'at.
Opposed to ma'at were ignorance, passion, pride, and everything else that upset the comfortable stability that enveloped the Egyptians. Death was the supreme contradiction. Therefore, it demanded great care and preparation, and consumed a large amount of the time of the living.
The first Old Kingdom tombs were called mastabas. The Egyptians probably borrowed the idea from Mesopotamian royal burials. During the fourth dynasty, from 2560 to 2440 ВС, the mastaba became the pyramid. The first, called the step pyramid, had Imhotep for its architect. He built it over 200 feet high, the first major stone building in world history, for his pharaoh Zoser.
Words to remember
Canopic jars -канопы (сосуды для хранения)
coffin n - гроб
deceased I n — покойник
deceased II а — покойный, умерший
decipher I n - дешифровка, расшифровка
decipher II v — 1. раскодировать, расшифровывать; 2. разбирать (неразборчиво написанное, каракули, иероглифы, непонятные знаки и т. п.); 3. разбираться; разгадывать, понимать, Syn: solve
decipherment n — расшифровка
divine а- 1. божественный (относящийся к Богу, божеству); 2. посвященный Богу, религиозный; святой, священный, Syn: sacred, religious; 3. богоподобный; божественный; небесный; священный; божественный, Syn: godlike
flint weapons - кремневые орудия
funerary a - погребальный, похоронный, траурный
grave goods - погребальные предметы
imagery n — 1. ряд живописных изображений, скульптура; резьба, Syn: image-work, statuary; 2. образы, мысли, представления; 3. образность (языка, речи и т. п.)
intact a - нетронутый; неповрежденный, невредимый, целый
kingship п — 1. царствование; монархическая форма правления, Syn: reign; 2. королевство, царство
linen n — полотно; парусина, холст
papyrus scrolls - свитки папируса
record п — 1. памятник прошлого; исторический документ (свидетельствующий о чем угодно, не обязательно письменный); put onself on ~, place oneself on ~ — увековечить свое имя, оставить след в истории, Syn: document, monument, memorial; 2. архивы, собрание памятников прошлого; Public Record Office - Государственный архив; 3.счет (подсчет) прошедших лет (часто с of years, of time etc.), Syn: account
righteousness n — 1. праведность; добродетельность, Syn: goodness; 2. справедливость, Syn: justice, uprightness
rivalry n — соперничество; состязание (among, between; for; in; with), Syn: competition
sarcophagus n (pl — sarcophagi) - саркофаг; камень для саркофага
shrine n — 1. рака; гробница, усыпальница, склеп; 2. место поклонения, святыня; at a ~ — у святыни; consecrate а ~ — освящать место поклонения; create, establish а ~ — устраивать место поклонения; desecrate a ~ -осквернять святыню; pray at a ~ - молиться у святыни; sacred ~ - святое место
silt n — ил, наносы, осадок; наносы ила
supersede v- 1. заменять; замещать, смещать, Syn: displace; 2. вытеснять; занимать (чье-л.) место, Syn: replace
tomb n – 1. могила, Syn: grave; 2. надгробие; надгробный памятник; мавзолей; 3. (the ~) смерть