What does it take to be an astronaut?

The job of an astronaut once considered unique is one of the most

demand (1) professions. Nowadays the technological advance (2) made space flights possible for a larger number of people.

Astronauts have to be physically and mental (3) capable of coping with stress and strain of a space mission. The ever-increasing during (4) of space missions also increases the possibility of emerge (5), although in all

probable (6), practically all arising problems can be handled by ground-based control facilitate (7).

Apart from intense (8) classroom training in various subjects astronauts spend a lot of time practicing on simulate (9) models in order to get used to the equipment on board. Astronauts should also be able to deal with a lot of psychology (10) problems. Beside the risks involved, there are many less exciting aspects of their day (11) routine. What can be very annoying is the limited vary (12) of food, but the greatest challenge is getting along with other members of the crew.

There is also very little opportunity to relax and lack of private (13) can also be irritating and even depress (14). The ongoing advancement of modern communicate (15) technology made it possible for astronauts to have a regular audio and vision (16) contact with their friends and families, and they are very will (17) to use every chance to do so.

2. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами из предложенного списка.

Early years of space exploration

Board cooperation countdown joint mission orbit space risks crewed astronautics traveler scientist

I n 1903, Russian (1) ___ Konstantin Tsiolkovsky published the first practical paper on (2) ___. In October 1957 the first space satellite Sputnik I (Russian for “fellow (3) ___”) orbited the earth at a height of

229-898 km. In November 1957 Sputnik 2 was launched carrying a dog Laika that died on (4) ___ seven days later.

On April 12, 1961, the first (5) ___ spaceship Vostok I with Yuri Gagarin on board was launched and was recovered after a single (6) ___ of 89,1 minutes. In 1963, Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman in (7) ___.

However, space exploration was not easy and always involved a lot of

(8) ___ which sometimes resulted in tragedies. In 1967, American astronauts Grisson, White and Chaffee were killed during a simulated (9) ___ when a flash fire swept through the cabin of Apollo I on January 1967. On April 1967, V. Komarov was the first person to be killed on (10) ___, when his ship Soyuz I crash-landed on the earth.

In 1975, Apollo 18 and Soyuz 19 made a (11) ___ flight and linked up in space paving the way to (12) ___ in space.

3. Образуйте соответствующее однокоренное слово.

Crewed space station

I. Salyut

Salyut was a series of seven space stations launched by the USSR in

1971–1982. It was cylinder (1) in shape, weighed 19–21 tons and could house three cosmonauts for missions with during (2) up to eight months. In 1971 the first Salyut crew was tragedy (3) killed during their return to earth when their ferry craft pressurized (4). In 1973 Salyut -2 broke up in orbit before

occupy (5). The first fully successful Salyut mission was in 1974. In 1984–1985 a team of three cosmonauts endurance (6) a record 237-day flight in Salyut-7. In 1986, the Salyut was superseded by Mir, an proved (7) design capable of being large (8) by additional modules sent up from earth.