Technology and human history

Because of computers and other invent (1) it is easy for us to think of technological (2) as something recent. Though it is truth (3) that we rely on machines more than ever before, technology has always been an essence (4) part of human life. Fire and the wheel were doubt (5) important advances, even if we think of them as simple now. Our ancient ancestry (6) also created stone axes, other (7) they would not have been able to hunt effect (8). Later, people discovered metal, though plastic (9) were not invented until modern times.

Early technology was incontestably determined by metal (10) giving the names to the important periods in the early human history: Bronze Age and Iron Age. The manufacture of tools controlled the develop (11) of civilization, beginning with the cast-iron ploughshares. Therefore the ground could be worked to greater deep (12) and better harvests obtained.

Next, tools made of cast-iron and then of steel allowed hard materials such as stone to be treated, which led to the development of civil engineer (13). Many great structures were built, in which the Romans displayed compare (14) genius.

After metal, glass was a key material on the road towards civilization. It was to play a primordial role in the fabricate (15) of instruments for observation and measure (16), which are essential for learning about the world.

Archaeological excavate (17) continue to reveal the technical able (18) of our ancestors, and remind us that many inventions originated before our own technological age.

We have to real (19) that our whole history is the history of technology, regard (20) of the exact form it took.

2. Выберите подходящее слово из предложенных двух вариантов.

Information revolution

The first information revolution/evolution (1) took place five hundred years ago when Johann Gutenberg’s printing press/pressure (2) made books big business. From that point on, the printed page changed the route/way (3) how people ran their lives. Now we are in the process/procedure (4) of the second revolution, and the question is: “Will the printed word alive/survive (5)?”

Paper books are cheap and effective/efficient (6) while electronic books can store/stock (7) much more information – a thousand paperbacks on one disc – and control/manage (8) the information in ways paperbacks simply cannot. This revolutionary new system is called CD ROM, which means “compact disc read only memory”, as once the disc is made, its contents/content (9) cannot be altered/alternated (10). Imagine twenty volumes of the Oxford dictionary, which weights/weighs (11) 66 kilos and has 21, 710 pages put on one disc.

For children there are super/superb (12) encyclopedias which offer visual/evident (13) experience as well as information. Such access/approach (14) is bound to make learner/learning (15) more exciting.

3. Образуйте соответствующее однокоренное слово.

A new generation of mobile phones

M obile phones have increased in popular (1) over the last few years, and nowadays almost everyone has one. We current (2) use them mainly to make calls and send text messages. Soon, however, information such as exact (3) where you are, to the precise (4) of a few meters, may be available through a mobile. This may be extremely use (5) if you got lost, say, when driving a car. There is now no science (6) reason why your phone should not also be able to help you when you enter an area of high crime (7) activity. Such technology has been available to special (8) such as the police and pilots for a long time, but now that the finance (9) costs of such equipment have come down, mobile phone companies are looking at the suitable (10) of offering these services to the public. In their judge (11), there will be a great demand for such services. It remains to be seen, of course, whether the public will show any appreciate (12).

4. Образуйте соответствующее однокоренное слово.