The origins of photography
T
he
world’s first surviving/survived
(1)
photograph was taken in 1827 by a Frenchman called Niepce. Up to that
point, it had been impossible to capture constantly/permanently
(2)
a living image, except/accept
(3)
in a painting or drawing. Niepce pointed his early camera at the
window of his country home and produced an image. It wasn’t very
clear/clean
(4)
and it took him eight hours in the bright sun, but the
image/imagination (5)
still survives to this day.
Another Frenchman, Daguerre, heard about Niepce’s work and contacted/contracted (6) him. They became partners/counterparts (7) and worked together to create a new photographic process. This process was very completed/complicated (8) and demanded a great deal of skill. Despite the difficulties, it became very popular and soon people round the world were taking/making (9) daguerreotypes, as they were known.
In England, William Henry Fox Talbot had developed his own process/procedure (10) about the same time. His method allowed more than one copy to be made, whereas the daguerreotype could not be reduced/reproduced (11). This new technicality/technique (12) created all kinds of opportunities/facilities (13) for those brave enough to travel to remote/removed (14) locations and go into dangerous sites/situations (15).
By the 1880s, when American George Eastman produced the first Kodak camera/apparatus (16), the world was ready for mass/massive (17) photography. The Kodak camera had a roll of film inside/insight (18) and was easier to use than any previous camera. It was an instant/momentous (19) success and soon people were having their pictures taken as if it were the most ordinary/average (20) thing in the world.
8. Образуйте соответствующее однокоренное слово.
Farewell to darkness
No list of inventions could be exhaust (1) without daily life things being taken into count (2). It is obvious that few aspects of daily life would have been actually prove (3) if it had not been due to the fruit (4) of human thought. It took a lot of time and endeavor to invent such simple thing as matches, which at first seemed danger (5) to use and their stench was offense (6). The invention was very welcome, for it could relieve people from monotone (7) task of keeping a fire going permanent (8) in the home, which caused consider (9) difficulty.
Amaze (10), the history of matches began with alchemy (11) research: in his experiments, the German Hennig Brand succeeded in producing a mystery (12) thick liquid, which he hoped would turn into gold when it boiled. In this way phosphorus was discovered. However, the first ‘father’ of matches was the Englishman Robert Boyle, who found out in 1680 that thick paper covered with phosphorus would ignition (13) twigs covered in sulphur when they were rubbed on to it. This gave rise to other modify (14) of matches, which eventually resulted in the develop (15) the ones we are custom (16) to.
Another practice (17) improvement which signify (18) benefited our daily life took place at the beginning of the 20th century: street light (19), which was firstly done by means of gas, and then arc-lights. However, it was the industry (20) inventor of the electricity (21) light bulb, the American Thomas Alva Edison, who was to chase away the dark (22) once and for all from our houses and towns. Yet, according to some source (23), this invention is attributed to the Russian electricity (24) engineer Jablochkov.
9. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами из предложенного списка.