Margarine

Napoleon III of France was responsible for the invention of the butter (1) ___ known as margarine. He was looking for a cheap (2) ___ to butter for poorer people of the society, and for his army and navy. So he set up a prize (3) ___ to see who would come up with the best (4) ___.

There was only one (5) ___ into this competition, from a man called Mèges-Mouriès. He had spent over two years experimenting, and finally found an (6) ___ butter substitute made from milk and (7) ___ animal fats. It tasted quite pleasant, and spread well on bread, but it was pure white. Despite its colour, Mèges-Mouriès invention was (8) ___ the prize. Yellow (9) ___ was added to it at a later date.

Margarine soon went into mass (10) ___ and was exported all over the world. In Britain it was called “Butterine”, until active (11) ___from farmers led to that name being made (12) ___. Farmers in America were not happy about the new (13) ___ on the market either. They (14) ___ to the yellow colouring, saying that it made margarine resemble butter so closely that it could (15) ___ consumers.

In effect, Napoleon III’s competition is still going on. The ultimate (16) ___ of every margarine manufacturer is to produce a product that is (17) ___ to distinguish from butter. And they keep trying.

1	A substance	B substitution	C subsistence	D substitute
2	A option	B replacement	C alternative	D alternation
3	A contest	B conquest	C competitor	D conqueror
4	A resolution	B decision	C salvation	D solution
5	A competitor	B applicant	C attempt	D entry
6	A unexpected	B excepted	C acceptable	D accessible
7	A varying	B verified	C versatile	D various
8	A rewarded	B honored	C deserved	D awarded
9	A colouration	B paint	C colouring	D dye
10	A production	B creation	C industry	D construction
11	A objection	B protests	C negation	D rejection
12	A unjustified	B unauthorized	C illegal	D unjust
13	A emergence	B appearance	C entry	D arrival
14	A protested	B objected	C disagreed	D argued
15	A deceive	B conceive	C perceive	D receive
16	A ambition	B objective	C goal	D purpose
17	A improbable	B unable	C impossible	D incapable

11. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами из предложенного списка.