Evolution of nutrition
The need for regular/continuous (1) food caused Homo sapiens to turn from hunting, fishing and gathering to the development of agriculture and rearing/bringing up (2) livestock. It was a very slow process which lasted for thousands of years, and for which no one can claim paternity/patent (3). The habit of harvesting which was gained/acquired (4) between the 7th and 6th centuries BC was the very basis of civilization. Indeed it strengthened/ enforced (5) settlement, which gave rise to towns, then states, politics, technology … and wars. The cultivation of ground led to that of the mind/brains (6). Being isolated geographically, and therefore also genetically, the peoples began to differential/differentiate (7) and their religions to diversify/diverse (8).
One change has come about since the first grain harvest: the intervention/interference (9) of industry. Agricultural mechanization has greatly reduced/minimized (10) the agrarian class, causing a radial/
radical (11) modification of society. Food preservation/store (12) and then the whole food industry have certainly destroyed/eliminated (13) the threat of food shortage in the industrial countries, which persisted/insisted (14) in Europe until the 18th century and later in some countries. Now replete, the industrial societies have adopted/adapted (15) dietary rules.
Though of small significance, the diversification/diversion (16) of cultures, helped by voyages of exploration, and the practices of agricultural selection have also caused integrated/integral (17) changes in plant and animal species. There is no longer much in general/common (18) between the Mexican corn of yesteryear (the distant past) and modern corn, and our farmers really would be surprised if they saw a Middle Ages pig, a remarkable creature/creation (19) with flat flanks and powerful bone structure. The advent/adventure (20) of the potato has changed the diet of half the world making it the typical staple till the middle of the 20th century.
2. Образуйте соответствующее однокоренное слово.
Food: quality vs. Quantity
Whether to buy genetically engineered food or not seems to depend on what kind of person you are. While some people find it attract (1), the others regard it as a growing menace to health. There are quite a lot of contradict (2) among these points of view. Whatever the attitude to this new thing is, this food is going to become soon a normal part of our diets.
A
s
the name of this food implies, it comes from the word genes.
Genes are the carry
(3) of
genetic information, which passes from one generate
(4)
to another, making sure that humans give birth to humans and cows
give birth to cows. The mechanism of genes’ transmit
(5)
from parents to their offspring is still being studied. Trying to
learn how genes operate, scientists may take genes from one species –
for example, a scorpion, and transfer them to another – for
example, corn. They may also introduction
(6)
duck genes into chickens to make the chickens bigger or put hormones
into cows to make them produce more milk. In this way a new life form
is created. These new life forms have been description
(7)
as a “real-life Frankenstein”. The genetic operate
(8)
do not make the new life forms cheaper, tastier or health
(9).
They just make it easier and faster for the farmer to grow.
The affect (10) of genetic engineering on our health are not known. Such genes as those of scorpions, rats, mice and moths can hardly be called harm (11) – so they can't be included in the foods that are part of our diet.
The experiments with the natural world may result in disaster (12) consequences. The engineers may create life forms – monsters – that we cannot control. The new life forms have no natural habit (13) or home. They will have to find one, fight for one – or kill for one. Moreover, the effects of these experiments can often be cruel. In America, some animals were given human genes to make them bigger and less fat (14). The experiment failed. The animals became very ill and began to lose their eye (15). Some people believe, though, that genetic engineering could be the solve (16) to the problem of famine and it will thus save the lives of starve (17) people.
We must all aim to raise aware (18) of the dangers of carrying out cruel experiments with nature. In the story, Frankenstein created such a fright (19) and heart (20) monster that he had to destroy it. We must make sure that it remains a story – and no more than that.
3. Образуйте соответствующее однокоренное слово.