Iron age

I. Hallstatt culture

Iron Age cultures include Hallstatt (named after a site in Austria) and La Tène (named after a site in Switzerland). The economy (1) working of iron, particularly for use in agriculture (2) tools and weapons, was a great

advance (3) in material culture. Unlike copper and tin used in bronze, iron ores are widely available and this able (4) the spread of cheap, duration (5) metal tools. The salt industry played a great role in the economic (6) of Hallstatt peoples, the earliest Iron Age culture in center (7) Europe. Late Hallstatt chiefdoms are regarded as precursors of the Celtic hierarchy (8) systems.

II. La tène culture

Variety (1) La Tène cultures (lake Neuchatel, Switzerland), regarded as Celtic, grew from trade (2) contacts between the advanced urban civilizations of the Mediterranean and the Hallstatt farm (3) communities north of the Alps. La Tène people used iron extension (4) for military and general metal ware, and bronze and gold for ornaments.

The source of Celts is an answer (5) question in archeology, as their

migrate (6) drew together peoples from a number of areas. Attempts are made to distinguish them linguistics (7); otherwise they are known as “barbarians” to the classics (8) world of the Romans.

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Atlantis

In the fourth century BC the Greek philosophy (1), Plato wrote about a mystery (2) civilization which as he claimed had existed long before the

social (3) of Middle East and Egypt. Atlantis was thought to have been a huge island situated to the west of Europe which had an extreme (4) advanced civilization whose empire stretched as far as Greece and Egypt. However, according to Plato, the island and its people appear (5) into the ocean around 11.500 years ago as a result of an norm (6) earthquake.

Since Plato wrote about Atlantis, number (7) attempts have been made to find the island, all of which have been success (8). As a result, it is now

belief (9) that Plato invented the place and its people. In spite of this, there are still those who think there might have been some true (10) in what Plato said. They believe that some Atlanteans escaped the destroy (11) of the island and passed their knowledge to the Egyptians who later founded their own civilization. There is a possible (12) that these believers might be right, as ancient Egyptian records report that there was a mass (13) volcanic eruption on the Greek island of Thira in about 1500 BC, which caused a number of severe earthquakes. The debate concerning the exist (14) of Atlantis is likely to continue until scientists or archeologists settle the argue (15) one way or another. In the meantime, however, we can do nothing but speculation (16) about what a great civilization it may have been.

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Ancient egypt

The Ancient Egyptian civilization based around the river Nile emerged 5000 years ago and reached its peak in the 16th century BC. Ancient Egypt was (1) fame for its great power and wealthy (2), due to the highly fertility (3) lands of the Nile delta, which were rich sources of grain. The Egypt (4) were advanced in agriculture, engineering and apply (5) sciences. Many of their spectacle (6) monuments, such as sphinxes and pyramids, have survived till the present day. The pyramids at El Giza were built during the 4th dynasty when the Old King (7) had reached the high (8) of its power. One of the places worth seeing is Abu Simbel built on the Upper Nile in the 13th century BC. It is associated with the name of Ramses II who was one of the few Egyptian pharaohs who

aggression (9) sought to extend his authorize (10) beyond the Nile Valley. The famous landmark of Abu Simbel is the temple dedication (11) to Ramses’ wife and the god (12) of love and beauty.

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