- •English for biotechnologists and biologists: Английский язык для биотехнологов и
- •Глава 2.Современное образование и его исто- рия………………………………………….
- •Предисловие
- •Unit 1 Likes and dislikes
- •Biotechnologist’s favorite things
- •Vocabulary
- •Mostpositive Mostnegative
- •Present Progressive.
- •Present Simpleorthe Present Progressive.
- •The secret of genius
- •Ученые нашли возможные причины гени- альности Эйнштейна
- •Education
- •The History of Education
- •Vocabulary
- •Simple Past Tense.
- •The Kazan Institute of Biology
- •Unit 3 a place to live
- •How to plan a town?
- •Vocabulary
- •Тихие островки, по- среди буйной жизни
- •Unit 4 Our nutrition
- •You are what you eat
- •Vocabulary
- •Scientists discover healthier pizza
- •Гусь или индейка?
- •Unit 5 Chemistry and itsbranches
- •Ancient science
- •Vocabulary
- •Tense Game
- •Gas chromatography
- •История химии
- •Unit 6 Biology
- •The Science of Life
- •Vocabulary
- •Cytology as a science.
- •Не щекотно!
- •Unit 7Embryology
- •What is Embryology?
- •Vocabulary
- •Physiology of plants and animals
- •Cv (curriculum vitae) Perminov Vitaly
- •Unit 8 Biochemistry
- •Biological chemistry
- •Vocabulary
- •Biochemical pathway sand processes
- •Unit 9 Biophysics
- •The bridge between biology and physics
- •Vocabulary
- •Ever, never, for, since, already, just,yet
- •Three branches of biophysics.
- •Области применения биофизики.
- •Unit 10 Physicochemical methods of analysis
- •Physicochemi-cal Methods of
- •Vocabulary
- •What Is a Biochemistry Laboratory?
- •Unit 11
- •Immune System. Immunology
- •A magnificent protector
- •Vocabulary
- •Future Perfect Tense.
- •Immunology
- •A useful vitamin
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit13 Microbiology
- •The fantastic world
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 14 Virology
- •Virology and viruses
- •Vocabulary
- •The history of vaccination
- •Хроническую усталость вызывает ретро- вирус
- •Unit 15 Cancer
- •A devastating disease
- •Vocabulary
- •Sunshine may prevent cancer
- •Витамин д, солнце, рак и загар
- •Unit 16 Biotechnology. General knowledge
- •What is biotechnology?
- •Vocabulary
- •Medical biotechnology
- •Unit 17
- •The scope of ge- netic engineering
- •Vocabulary
- •The Human Genome Project.
- •Does she/he have ...
- •Does she/he have…
- •Gm Food
- •Unit 18 Stem cells
- •Our future hope?
- •Vocabulary
- •Embryo-Safe Stem Cell Research
- •Unit 19 Cloning
- •Cloning and concerns about it
- •Vocabulary
- •Did you know…?
- •Human cloning
- •Unit 20 Biotechnological ethics
- •Ethical issues in biotech
- •Vocabulary
- •Genetically modified foods ethics
- •Human genetics ethics
- •3Dсимуляторы лабораторных животных
- •Unit 21 Nanotechnology
- •Nanotechnology
- •Vocabulary
- •Proteins
- •Наночастицы.
- •Appendix 1
- •Additional textsHiv's history traced Appendix 2
- •Bad news for hiv-vaccines?
- •Parasite that makes cat-lovers neurotic
- •Yum, amino acids
- •Gm could hold back the tears
- •Atkins-style diets can be life-threatening, doc- tors warn
- •Combinational adenovirus-mediated gene therapy and dendritic cell vaccine in combating well-established tumors
- •Light smokers escape heart risk three years after quitting
- •Восстановление поврежденного спинного мозга возможно
- •Биотехнологические препараты крови
- •Стволовые клетки против инфаркта мио- карда
- •Антифермент против увеита
- •Спасительный лейцин
- •Малярийный сахар
- •Воеводина Ольга Сергеевна, Нестерова Ольга Юрьев- на, Садыкова Айгуль Рафисовна English for biotechnologists and biotechnologists: Английский язык для биотехнологов и биологов
Vocabulary
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)
AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
Change the Russian words into the English us-ing the correct forms. Use proper articles ifnecessary.
Грудное вскармливание is very important for babies.
Вич-частицы may be found inкровоток.
Many viruses can распространяться very quickly.
Everybody knows Dr. House`sстранности.
This virus can be transmitted от матери мла- денца.
Our clinic специализируется on HIVterapy.
Эритроциты plays a great role in theblood
antiretroviral therapy attach (v)
blood transfusion bloodstream breastfeeding clustering
cure
diagnose (v) exclusively fluid
immunesystem infection
infect (v) inject (v)
circle.
This лечение wasn`t veryeffective.
Антиретровирусная терапия can slow the HIV virusspeading.
Translate the following sentences paying at-tention to the words initalic.
Требуется обслуживающий персонал в центр попереливаниюкрови.
Хирург обработал края раны антисептиком, чтобы избежать попаданияинфекциивткани.
Еще в средние века доктора научились го- товить вакцины путем разделения антигенов на отдельные белковыечастицы.
Если вы хотите полностью вылечить бо- лезнь, а не просто снять ее симптомы, необходимо пройти полныйкурслечения.
Улучшение методов изученияракапомо- жет врачамдиагностироватьпатологию на более раннихэтапах.
Высокая активностьиммунной системысо- всем не означает гарантию абсолютногоснижениярисказаболеваний.
Переливание кровисейчас стало вполне обычным ираспространеннымявлением.
Чем сильнееподавленаиммунная система, тем больше организмподверженриску заболева- ниясиндромом иммунодефицитачеловека.
Когда правительство осознало, насколько велик риск возникновения эпидемии, оно начало вести политикуукрепленияздоровья населения и увеличило пропаганду здорового образа жизни. Но в нашем обществе это не привело кзначительнымрезультатам.
Answer the following questions according tothe sense of thetext.
What isAIDS?
What isHIV?
Is there any difference between them? How are theysimilar?
What are the ways of transition of the virus from one human to another? Do you know any other variants?
How does the virus affect the immune sys- tem, thebody?
Who was the first person with AIDS symp- toms?
Are there any borders for theinfection?
What are the ways of treatment? Can AIDS becured?
How does antiretroviral therapywork?
Is this disease onlyphysical?
Find the propriet definitions to the followingwords.
HIV
AIDS
Immunesystem
Infection
Symptom
Antiretroviraltherapy
detrimental colonization of a host organism by a foreignspecies;
manifestation of a disease, indicating thenature
of the disease, which is noticed by the patient;
the virus that causes acquired immune defi- ciencysyndrome;
medications for the treatment of infection by retroviruses, primarilyHIV;
the set of cells, and their activity against anti- gens, or infectious agents, that comprise the body's de- fense system againstdisease;
f)a set of symptoms and infections resulting from the damage to the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus.
Read the text again and express the idea ofeach paragraph inquestions..
Retell the texts from the point of viewof:
a man having acquired immune deficiency syn- drome
a doctor dealing with these diseases
a girl whose boyfriend is ill.
EPIDEM~ / VIRU~: Look in the dictionary tofind words beginning with each of these prefix-like forms. Write them down. Make your own sentences withthem.
Tenses revision.Choose the correcttense.
1. Мой друг читает статью с тех пор, как он пришел из университета. 2. Она уже вернулась с конференции. 3. Вчера в десять часов вечера я
проводил исследование по электрофорезу. 4. Я переведу все статьи к десяти часам. 5. Я жила в Санкт-Петербурге, прежде чем переехать в Моск- ву. 6. До нашего приезда два дня шел сильный снег. 7. Студенты обсудят этот вопрос, до того как вы придете. 8. К концу этого месяца я буду жить в Санкт-Петербурге уже пять лет. 9. Мы уже два го- да живем в новой квартире. 10. Завтра в пять часов я буду делать анализ крови. 11. Он пересек улицу и пошел по направлению к парку. 12. Он проспал всю дорогу, поэтому он чувствовал себя бодрым и отдохнувшим, когда он приехал. 13. Мой брат только что вернулся из Америки. – Здорово, мы пригласим его на нашу вечеринку. 14. Наш само- лёт улетит в 14.00. 15. Когда я вошел, они сидели за столом. Родители смотрели телевизор, Кэйт вя- зала, остальныечитали.
Tenses revision. Choose the correctvariant.
Where is your luggage? — I (to leave) it at the sta- tion.
haveleft b) leftc) hadleft
The train (to arrive) at 5 o'clocktomorrow.
willarrive b)arrive c)arrives
If I (to have) time, I'll go withyou
willhave b)has c)have
Mike (to write) a letter at themoment
writes b)wrote c) iswriting
I (to live) in London 5 yearsago
hadlived b) has lived c)lived
My mother (to watch) TV at 5 o'clockyesterday
watched b)waswatching c) haswatched
Mary (to do) all her homework by 5 o'clock yester- day
haddone b)did c) hasdone
I (not to go) to schooltomorrow
willnotgo b)don'tgo c) didn'tgo
We (to play) football at 7 o'clocktomorrow
willplay b) willbe playing c) willplaying
My parents (to live) together since1972.
havelived b)live c) areliving
Try to complete the following abbreviationsand provide a definition for each one (you may need a dictionary):
A _ q _ _ _ _ d Im _ _n_ D _ f _ _ _ _ __ySy _ d _ _ __
H _ m__n I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _y
V _ r _s
W _ _ _ d H _ _ l__ O _ _ _ _ _ z _ _ _ _n
R _ p r _ d _ _ _ _v_ H _ _ _ th
R_dR_bb_n
Predict whether the following statements aretrue orfalse:
AIDS is now on the decrease. T /F
AIDS is accelerating. T /F
AIDS has now been a major world health problem for 23 years. T /F
North America is the world’s worst hitregion.
T / F
China has experienced an explosion in AIDS cases. T /F
It’s easier for a woman to contract AIDS than a man. T /F
Read the text and entitleit.
On November 24, 2004 the United Nations warned that the world was facing a “unique develop- ment challenge” with acceleration in the spread of AIDS. New data revealed there are nearly 40 million HIV sufferers worldwide. Of these 3 million will die of AIDS this year, a record toll in the 23-year history of the killervirus.
The report says Sub-Saharan Africa remains by far the worst-affected region in the world. In South Africa 5.3 million people are infected, with “no sign yet of a decline in the epidemic.” India has the second largest number of HIV sufferers in the world (5.1 mil- lion), while East Asia has seen a 56 percent increase in HIV cases, mainly attributable to an explosive rise in China. Women now constitute over half of all new cases contracting HIV/AIDS due to poor sexual edu- cation, the sex trade, unprotected sexual intercourse, and a greater natural susceptibility to contract the vi-
rus
than men.
However, if you are diagnosed with HIV, your physical health is not the only issue you have to deal with. Along with the physical illness are mental health conditions that may come up. Mental health refers to the overall
well-being of a person, including a person's mood, emotions, and behavior.
HIV/AIDS can have a major impact on many parts of human life. People with HIV and those close to them are subject to many things that may affect their mentalhealth.
Many people are surprised when they learn that they have been diagnosed with HIV. Some people feel overwhelmed by the changes that they will need to make in their lives. It is normal to have strong reac- tions when you find out you are HIV positive, includ- ing feelings such as fear, anger, and a sense of being overwhelmed. Often people feel helpless, sad, and anxious about the illness.
Although the society doesn’t forget people af- fected with this devastating disease. The red ribbon, a ribbon colored red, is the symbol of solidarity of peo- ple living with HIV/AIDS.
The Red Ribbon Project was created by the New York artists in 1991. The artists wished to create a visual symbol to demonstrate compassion for people living with AIDS and their caregivers. The color red was chosen for it as the connection to blood and the idea of passion - not only anger, but love, like a valen-
tine. First worn publicly by Jeremy Irons at the 1991 Tony Awards, the ribbon soon became renowned as an international symbol of AIDS awareness, becoming a politically correct fashion accessory on the lapels of celebrities. The Red Ribbon continues to be a power- ful force in the fight to increase public awareness of HIV/AIDS and in the lobbying efforts to increase funding for AIDS services and research.
Pairs/Groups write down questions based onthe article. Ask them yourpartner.
15Use a dictionary to build up more associations
/ collocations of the words: compassion, red ribbon.
Give a short talkon:
The present-day situation in spreading ofAIDS.
Mental health conditions of an infectedperson.
Red Ribbon projecthistory.
Write a letter to the President of the RussianFederation explaining your concerns for AIDS victims and explaining what you feel the leader of the free world shoulddo.
Translate this text into Russian using thewords from the topic youstudied.
Продолжительность жизни ВИЧ- инфицированных пациентов со временем может
изменяться по двум причинам: постоянно разраба- тываются новые лекарственные средства и методы лечения, а ВИЧ, в свою очередь, вырабатывает ус- тойчивость к лекарствам. В отсутствие антиретро- вирусной терапии смерть пациента наступает в те- чение одного года с момента постановки диагноза СПИД. Считается, что ВИЧ-инфицированный, по- лучающий терапию, может прожить несколько де- сятилетий без развития СПИД. Однако стоимость лечения может составлять от 385 до 619 тысяч долларов США. Значительное влияние на качест- во и продолжительность жизни оказывают побоч- ные эффекты от приема лекарственных препара- тов. Особенности развития ВИЧ-инфекции зависят от многих факторов, в том числе: от количества CD4 лимфоцитов и числа копий вирусной РНК на момент начала лечения, возраста пациента, уровня доступной медицинской помощи, приверженности больного лечению и появления резистентных штаммов вируса.
Большинство пациентов умирают от оппорту- нистических инфекций или опухолей, связанных с нарушением работы иммунной системы. Клиниче- ские симптомы значительно отличаются между пациентами и зависят от многих факторов, среди которых: восприимчивость организма хозяина к инфекции, иммунный статус пациента, качество оказываемой медицинской помощи, сопутствую- щие инфекции, а также штамм вируса, которым инфицирован пациент.
Role-playdialogue.
You came to the blood transfusion center. You are going to donate blood. Ask the doctor about the meas- ures they take to prevent everybody to catch HIV. Your goal is to be as sure as possible in your safety. The doctor’s aim is to make you sure that only in their center they take maximum care about donators.
Write a composition/presentation.
You are the doctor sent to some high school to tell students about the measures to prevent catching of HIV. Prepare your speech to tell them as much as pos- sible.
