Text III Altitudinal Meteorological Mast (amm)

EXERCISE EXERCISE 1

Read and translate the text with the dictionary.

 A unique scientific and technical object of Scientific and Research Institutions of Roshydromet.

Altitudinal Meteorological Mast is supported by the Ministry of Industry, Science and Technologies of the Russian Federation as a unique installation of Russia. The registration number is 0202.

AMM-310 is commissioned in 1959. AMM-310 represents a tubular structure with a height of 310 m and diameter 2,3 m; it is installed on a spherical fulcrum, and is supported in a vertical position with the aid of multi-tier rope system. There is a lift inside a mast for realization of experiments and upkeep of equipment. There are 13 working platforms with four sliding probes with length of 6 m for the arrangement of a measuring apparatus. AMM-310 does not have analogs in Russian Federation and countries of CIS. It is distinguished by equipment and integrated approach in measurement of parameters, including meteorological magnitudes (temperature and humidity of an air, velocity and direction of a wind, pressure), turbulent characteristics, optical performances on sloping lines. The parameters of solar radiation, deposits, clouds and radio-activity of an air, and also velocity and direction of a wind near the surface are measured on the meteorological ground near AMM-310. The gathering and handling of an information obtained with the aid of the measuring complex AMM-310 is carried out on the base of computer technology. The basic virtue and advantage of AMM-310 in a comparison with the other methods of research of a boundary layer of an atmosphere is the possibility of a synchronous measurement of meteorological and other physical magnitudes in a 300-meter stratum with any time and high-altitude resolution under any weather conditions.

The major directions of scientific researches for which AMM-310 is intended are experimental researches in a boundary layer of an atmosphere of a temperature and wind conditions, turbulence, conditions of transposition and scattering of an impurity, heat and mass exchange between a spreading surface and atmosphere. The information obtained with the aid of AMM-310 can be used for a solution of a lot of tasks of scientific and applied character:

1. Improvement of local weather forecast (precipitations, advection, fogs, ice, low clouds, shifts of a wind, frontal zones);

2. Monitoring and prognosis of contamination of an atmospheric air, ecological monitoring;

3. High-altitude monitoring of a climate of cities (temperature and wind condition);

4. Operative upkeep of the airports, building organizations, rescue organizations, enterprises polluting an atmosphere;

5. Distribution of radiowaves, optical and laser radiation;

6. Wind energy and wind loads.

EXERCISE EXERCISE 2

Speak about antenna-feeder devices, using the information from the texts.

UNIT VIII

SHORT MESSAGE SERVICE

Text I

What is SMS?

EXERCISEEXERCISE 1

Read and translate the text.

The Short Message Service (SMS) is the ability to send and receive text messages to and from mobile telephones. The text can comprise words or numbers or an alphanumeric combinations. The first short message is believed to have been sent in December 1992 from a personal Computer to a mobile phone on the Vodaphone GSM network in the UK.

SMS is convenient and cost effective for a number of reasons. When you compare it with the cost of airtime for voice calls or wireless web access, SMS is a real bargain. Messages can be received while making voice calls, and there are no busy signals to contend with. Plus, if you find yourself in a situation where taking a sell phone is inappropriate, SMS is silent and discreet. Messages generated by SMS are immediately delivered directly to your phone. There is no need to call an access number, as in the case with voice mail. Also, most carriers offer SMS alerts (information packets, such as stock quotes, sports scores, and news) that can be delivered to your phone regularly scheduled intervals.

The Short Message Service has several unique features. For example, a single short message can be up to 160 characters of text in length. Those 160 characters can comprise words or numbers or their alphanumeric combinations. Non-text based short messages (for example, in binary format) are also supported. These are used for ringtones and logos services.

The short message service is a store and forward service, in other words, short messages are not sent directly from the server to recipient, but always via an SMS centre instead. Each mobile telephone network that supports SMS has one or more messaging centres to handle and manage the short messages.

The short message service features confirmation of the message delivery. This means that unlike paging, users do not simply send a short message and trust and hope that it gets delivered. Instead, the sender of the short message can receive a return message back notifying them whether the short message has been delivered or not.

Short messages can be sent and received simultaneously with GSM voice, Data and Fax calls. This is possible because whereas voice, data and fax calls take over a dedicated radio channel for the duration of the call, short messages travel over and above the radio channel using the signaling path. As such, users of SMS rarely if ever get busy signal as they can do during peak network usage times.

Ways of sending multiple short messages are available. SMS concatenation (stringing several short messages together) and SMS compression (getting more than 160 characters of information within a single short message) have been defined and incorporated in the GSM standards.

To use the short message service users need the relevant subscriptions and hardware, specifically: a subscription to a mobile telephone network that supports SMS; use of SMS must be enabled for that user (automatic access to the SMS is given by some mobile network operators, others charge a monthly subscription and require a specific option to use the service); a mobile phone that supports SMS; knowledge how to send or read a short message using their specific model of mobile phone; a destination to send a message to or to receive a message from. This is usually another mobile phone but it may be a fax machine, PC or Internet address

EXERCISE EXERCISE 2

Learn the following words and expressions.

ShortMessageService – службакороткихсообщений

bargain – выгоднаясделка

carrier – зд. телефон

voice-mail – голосовая почта

ringtone – мелодия на телефоне

logosservice – логотип

to forward a message – переадресоватьсообщениеaA massaging box – колонка

topreclude – устранить

firewall – защитная программа

push-based – поэкранно (постранично)

pull-based – построчно

knowledgeableusers – грамотные пользователи

tobereluctant – делать с неохотой, по принуждению

critical – важный

string concatenation - сцеплениестрок (символов)

EXERCISE EXERCISE 3

Complete the sentences with the information from the text:

1. … to send and receive text messages to and from mobile telephones.

2. … SMS is a real bargain.

3. … on the Vodaphone GSM network in the UK.

4. … but always via an SMS centre instead.

5. … SMS is silent and discreet.

6. … up to 160 characters of text in length.

7. … as they can do during peak network usage times.

8. … have been defined and incorporated in the GSM standards.

EXERCISE EXERCISE 4

In the text there area number of adverb + participle combinations e.g. immediately displayed. Look at the table below and decide which of the adverbs on the left can correspond to the words on the right.

directly	delivered
immediately	scheduled
regularly	sent
simultaneously	received
instantly	busy
hardly if ever	stored
independently	operated
routinely	originated
usually	communicated
typically	used
conveniently	accessed
timely	kept

EXERCISE EXERCISE 5

Use the words in the column to form one word that fits in the same numbered space in the text. Think what part of speech (noun, adverb, verb etc.) should go in each space.

1.provide

2.income

3.message

4.receive

5. involve

6.compose

7.instant