II .Vocabulary to be remembered:

Frame	рама
Attachment	прикрепление
Tightly	крепко, туго
Channel-section	выемка, канавка, вырезать паз
Cold-rolled	холоднокатаный
Corrygated	волнистые
Considerably	значительно, важно
To oscillate	вибрировать, колебаться
Torsion	Положенное кручение
Transverse springs	пружина

III. Match the word combinations.

Rear	Axle
Channel	Section
Bottom	Plate
important	Requirement
particular	Type
Frameless	Construction
wheel	Suspension
spring	System
cold-rolled	Steel

IV. Translate the Participles constructions into Russian.

Supporting all driving units, placed and bolted on the frame, ,connected by number of crossmembers, travelling over tough roads, changed construction considerably, arranging on the frame, using so-called "chassisless body”, all the driving units attached to the body, without oscillating, permitting convenient clearing, supporting engine and radiator, made of cold-rolled channel-section steel, being stiff and strong enough, combining the ad­vantages and the possibility of light-weight construction, the continuous bot­tom plate offering a good protection against dirt.

V. Answer the questions.

1) What components does the frame include?

2) Can you describe the simplest type of frame?

3) What type of frameless construction do you know?

4) Where are driving units such as engine and transmission arranged in modern passenger cars?

5) What kind of frame construction is used for trucks?

VI. Is it true or false?

1. The frame supports only the radiator and the engine.

2. The frames always have been support the radiator and the engine.

3. The frameless constructions are used for trucks.

4. The platform construction can be used only for independent wheel suspen­sion.

5. Only one type of frame is known.

Text XVI Air transport.

I. Read and translate the text.

Medical supplies, films and photographs. Some parts of the world being hundreds of miles from a road, railway or waterway, air transport is the only possible kind. Such places are kept supplied wholly by air.

1. After World War II, bigger and faster airliners were introduced. Jet-propelled aircraft were first used in 1950. Air transport is very val­uable for emergency medical work. The most important use of air transport besides carrying passengers is carrying mail. If the letters are sent

I by air mail, they are not long in coming. Although it is unlikely that aircraft will ever replace ships for carrying heavy and bulky cargoes such as oil, coal, minerals, grain and machinery, air transport is already I proving a serious rival to passenger ships on some routes.

2. Helicopters and Hovercraft.¹ Helicopters and other moving-wing types of aircraft are very useful in places where there is no room for long, flat runways. Modern turbo-jet airliners need a run of nearly two miles I long to take off, but helicopters can use small fields, platforms mounted on ships and the flat tops of buildings. Helicopters were first introduced for regular airline service in 1947. Later,helicopters were used for carrying passengers and mail on short routes, and for taking airline passengers between the centers of cities and the main airports.

3. While helicopters gain in needing very little space for taking-off and landing, they lose because the speed at which they move forward I is quite low. So the problem was to develop an aircraft combining the advantages of the helicopter with the high speed of an ordinary aircraft. If the designers could develop such a machine the problem would be I solved. So for this purpose the hovercraft was designed. Hovercrafts are likely to be useful for ferry services — for example, in ferrying mo­tor cars across the English Channel. They may also be useful for travel in roadless countries.

Note to the text:

1. hovercraft — самолет с вертикальным взлетом и посадкой