- •Explanation
- •Modern Usage
- •Developments & Problems
- •Summary
- •1. Brainstorm bonanza
- •2. Problem-solving as a group
- •3. Clue me in
- •4. Survivor scenarios
- •5. Moral dilemma
- •Communicative Language Teaching
- •Explanation
- •Misconceptions
- •Using the Method
- •Summary
- •Four sound reasons to teach grammar with games
- •Children are more motivated to learn grammar with games
- •What kinds of games work best?
- •Comparative adjectives
- •Examples
- •Superlative adjectives
- •Examples
- •Forming regular comparatives and superlatives
- •One syllable adjectives
- •Two syllables
- •Three or more syllables
- •Irregular comparatives and superlatives
- •Advantages of role playing
- •Steps and tips for using role playing
- •1. Syntax. The definition of the phrase. Types of phrases and ways of expressing syntactic relations
- •2. The Direct Method
- •3.The Information gap technique
- •Homonymy: definition and classification
- •The Natural Approach
- •1. Simple sentence. Types of sentences according to their structure. Communicative types of sentence
- •2.Communicative competence and its elements
- •3. The Concept of Polylingual Education in the Republic of Kazakhstan
- •Composite sentences. Types of composite sentences according to their structure
- •The Silent Way
- •Backward Build-up. Expansion Drill
- •The Suggestopedia method
- •3. The Repetition Drill
- •General Notes on Styles. Styles of the English Language
- •3.Chain Drill
- •2. The Community Language Learning
- •1. Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices
- •2. The Content and Language Integrated Learning
- •2.Strategies-based instruction
- •1.Stylistic Classification of the English Vocabulary
- •2. "Total immersion technique"
- •3.Drama Techniques for Teaching English
- •1. The influence of the Latin and French languages upon English
- •2. Give the background of silent way method
- •Конец формы
- •General Notion and Peculiarities of the English Phonetics. Connection with other sciences
- •2. English for Specific Purposes teaching
- •3. Intensive and extensive reading in flt
- •Intonation of declarative type of sentences
- •Intonation of interrogative type of sentences.
- •Intonation of imperative type of sentences:
- •17Билет
- •18Билет
- •Listening Carefully
- •Pronouncing the Word
- •Methods of Grasping the Meaning
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- •1) Phonetic stylistic devices
- •II phonetics of sequences
- •1.Alliteration
- •2. Onomatopoeia
- •3. Assonance
- •2. Effective Methodologies of teaching speaking
- •2. Effective Methodologies of teaching listening
- •Using Authentic Materials and Situations. Authentic materials and situations prepare students for the types of listening they will need to do when using the language outside the classroom.
- •3. Blended learning activities
- •1. The Old and Middle English written records
- •2. Effective Methodologies of teaching writing
- •3. Project activities
- •1. The phonetic system of Old, Middle and Modern English
- •2. Effective Methodologies of teaching reading
- •Integrating Reading Strategies
- •Using Authentic Materials and Approaches
- •3. Using computer/internet games for young learners
- •1. The laws of Carl Verner and Jacob Grimm
- •2. Reflective teaching
- •3. Brainstorming technique
- •Using the Technique
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1) Vowels in stressed syllables differ from vowels in unstressed syllables by quantity and quality. In the English language articles, conjunctions, prepositions, pronouns, auxiliary and semi-auxiliary verbs, which are, as a rule, unstressed are used in speech in the reduced forms. The verbs have, has, had are used in their strong form as notional verbs. The major role in the system of the unstressed vocalism of the English language belongs to the neutral vowel [ə]. It is necessary to remember that unstressed vowels may be used in the strong forms, e.g.: blackboard [blækbɔd]
unstressed vowels in English may either change their quality and quantity or remain unchanged. For example the indefinite article a may be pronounced as /э/, which differs from /ei/ qualitatively. He may be pronounced as /hi'/ which diilers from /hi:/ quantitatively. In the word potato the final /9U/ remains unchanged though it occurs in an unaccented syllable /pa'teitsu/.
The major role in the system of unstressed vocalism in English belongs to the neutral vowel /a/. It originated as a result of the development of the analytical grammar structures, which led to the reduction of some vowels not only in inflexions but also in other parts of lexical and grammatical words.
According to the data of modern phoneticians /i, э, u, ou/ are always unstressed, /ei, ai/ are unstressed rather often, /d:, л, э: au, is/ are rarely unstressed, ja., u:, i:, 01, еэ, иэ/ are practically never unstressed.
The neutral vowel /з/ may alternate with any vowel of full formation, e.g.
There are some digraphs in English which are pronounced in unstressed syllables either as /э/ or /1/, e. g. er — teacher /ftiitfa/ ar—mortar /'mo:to/ or—motor /imauts/ et—foreign /iform/ ir—elixir /iihksa/ ie—hobbie /Ihobi/ ou(s)—famous /ifeimas/.
2) Vocabulary is the first and foremost important step in language acquisition. In a classroom where students are not finding themselves comfortable with L2, language learning can be made interactive and interesting with the introduction of appropriate vocabulary exercises.
It is noteworthy to mention here that vocabulary items are imparted mostly by translation: either a list of words with their translation at the beginning of the lesson or the translation of the content having new words or glossaries at the very end. This is an erroneous practice as it leads to a state of confusion for the learners. On the teaching skills of vocabulary items, Frisby (1957) commented that "While the teacher is not, himself, concerned with the actual selection of vocabulary for text book purposes since practically all the books we use are based on limited vocabularies, it is important that he/she (the teacher) should know the principles, which underlie vocabulary selection". Thus it signifies that a language teacher should be innovative and proficient in the application of methodologies pertaining to teaching vocabulary items in a classroom situation. Following are the main methodologies for teaching vocabulary items in an English language classroom.