I. Programmed unit: trading

1. Study the words and phrases.

to be in business – заниматься бизнесом

wholesale distributor - оптовый дистрибьютор

to go into (out of) business – начать (выйти) бизнес

retailer – розничный торговец

to expand - расширяться

to compete (competition, competitor) - конкурировать

at a competitive price – по конкурентоспособной цене

manufacturing company – компания-производитель

property – собственность

to increase – увеличивать

to produce – производить

demand (for) – спрос на

production - производство

market (local, domestic, overseas, international) – рынок (местный, внутренний, зарубежный)

wholesaler – оптовик

2. Find the definitions (in the right column) of the given words (in the left column).

manufacturing company wholesaler retailer competitor market exporter domestic market

- a company (or a person) selling goods in bulk - the goods are sold in the same country they are produced - a company (or a person) which sells or manufactures the same product - the one selling goods in small quantities - an area where certain goods are sold - a company which sells goods abroad - the company producing goods

3. Study the text and find the English equivalents.

1. ... говорят, что компания занимается бизнесом ...:

2. …если компания-производитель расширяется, то она обычно расширяет производство товаров

3. ... компания (или человек), продающий товары небольшими партиями, называется розничным торговцем ...;

4. …oни находятся в состоянии конкуренции ...;

5. …если компания имеет преимущество над конкурентами ...;

6. ... спрос на определенные товары ...:

7. …компания, которая продает товары ...;

8. ... зарубежный рынок ...;

9. ... начинает продажу товаров за рубежом ...;

10. ... в небольших количествах ...;

A company is also called a firm or a business. While it is producing goods or trad­ing, it is said to be in business. A firm which is just starting up is going into business and a com­pany which stops operating goes out of business. If a company gets bigger, it expands. The expansion of a firm means it can produce more goods or sell more of its products.

A manufacturer (or manufacturing company) produces goods. The goods it makes are its products. When a manufacturing company expands, it usually increases production. If one year it produces 100 tones and the next year it produces 110 tones, it has increased pro­duction by 10%.

A company which sells goods in large quantities (in bulk) is called a wholesale distributor (or wholesaler). A company or person buying goods in bulk (or wholesale) and sell­ing them in small quantities is a retailer. Most local shops are retailers and sell goods in retail.

Two or more companies which sell or manufacture the same product are competi­tors (or rivals). They are in competition and they compete for customers. In order to sell more goods than its rivals, a company must be competitive. It is important to keep ahead of the com­petition by selling at competitive prices. If one company has an advantage over its competitors (for example a cheaper or better product) it gives them an edge on the market.

An area where there is a demand for certain goods is called a market. A company which markets (sells) goods locally caters for the local market. Goods sold in the same coun­try as they are produced are sold on the home (or domestic) market. A company which sells goods abroad is an exporter. An exporter (or export company) sells goods on the internation­al (or overseas) market. The goods it exports are called exports. A company which starts sell­ing goods overseas is said to go into exporting (or to go into the export/exporting business). An importer buys goods abroad and imports them into his own country. The goods are then called imports and the process of importing is called importation.