- •Grammar appendix
- •Исчисляемые существительные
- •Множ. Число
- •Неисчисляемые
- •Существительные
- •Степени сравнения Degrees of comparison
- •I способ
- •I wash myself in the morning.
- •Повелительное наклонение The Imperative Mood Приказание Order
- •Просьба, предложение 'Request, offer
- •Продолженное длительное
- •Простое (неопределенное)
- •Совершенное продолженное
- •English Tenses
- •I We work
- •Past simple to work
- •II ф. Worked Did Did not (didn't)
- •It/we/they
- •Interesting — интересным
- •Present, past, future continuous
- •Participle I to be working
- •Past, present, future perfect
- •To have sent
- •Формы выражения в:
- •Эмоциональное состояние
- •Упрек, неодобрение
- •Просьба
- •Ответ на просьбу
- •Долженствование, устанавливаемое говорящим
- •Долженствование, устанавливаемое помимо воли говорящего
- •Reported Speech Direct and reported (by somebody else) situations
- •In the present
- •Direct and Reported situations in the past
- •Passive voice
- •Two objects (direct and indirect) — two passives.
- •Infinitive__________Gerund__________Participle
Table
31
Direct Speech
Reported Speech
John: "I'm going to work hard today."
Mr. Strong: "Take this newspaper to
Mr. Brown"
Mother: "Let's have dinner at the
Chinese restaurant"
Ann: "Hurry up, please!"
Jane: "Don't tell her about the
accident"
Carol: "Do you really believe his
story"
Mr Right: "Do you want to discuss
this problem now or a bit later?" Marge:
"How long will they stay in the city?"
John says, he's going
to work hard today.
Mr Strong tells
his son to
take
the newspaper to Mr. Brown.
Mother suggests
having dinner at the Chinese
restaurant.
Ann asks
(tells) her friend to
hurry up.
Jane asks
me not to tell her about the
accident.
Carol asks if/whether
1 really believe his story.
Mr Right asks whether
we want to discuss this problem
now or a
bit later. Marge
asks (wonders) how long they will
stay in the city. (
direct word order)
say
~*
said
say to
smb ~> told smb (that) + Direct Word Order
Present
Simple -»
Past
Simple
Tim
said, "Our teacher is very
strict"
Tim
said that their teacher was very
strict.
Past
Simple -»
Past
Perfect
"Martin
promised to come", Helen said to them. Helen told them
that Martin had promised to come.
Reported Speech Direct and reported (by somebody else) situations
In the present
Direct and Reported situations in the past
Future
( Simple, Progressive, Perfect) -» Future
in the Past (Simple, Progressive, Perfect)
T’ll
join you in the evening" Peter
said. Peter
said that he would join us in
the evening. T’ll
be waiting for them at 5 o'clock",
she said. She
said , she would be waiting for
them at 5 o" clock.
Present
Progressive -»
Past
Progressive
"Joe
is leaving for Glasgow", he said. He
said that Joe was leaving for Glasgow.
Past
Progressive -»
Past Perfect Progressive
"She
was travelling around Europe at that time.", Rita said. Rita
said, that she had been travelling around Europe at that time.
Present
Perfect -»
Past
Perfect
"Mr..
Smith has been in the office since
morning", the secretary replied. The
secretary said that Mr. Smith had
been in the office since morning.
Present
Perfect Progressive -* Past Perfect Progressive
T’ve
been waiting for you since early morning", said George.
George said, he had been waiting for us since early morning.
No
change: Past Perfect -»
Past
Perfect Past
Perfect Progressive -* Past Perfect Progressive
