must должен

can (could) мочь

may (might) мочь

to have to

to be able to

to be allowed to

приходиться в силу

сложившихся

обстоятельств

уметь, быть в состоянии

разрешаться, позволяться

to be to

приходиться по плану, по договоренности, по графику

Past

Present

Future

could

was/were able to

can

am/is/are able to

will be able to

might

was/were allowed to

may

am/is/are allowed to

will be allowed to

had to (did ...?)

must

have/has to (do(does)...?)

will have to

недоумение, нетерпение, изумление

сомнение, удивление, невероятность

can

could

can

could

И что это ...?

И что это ...?

не может быть, чтобы

вряд ли, неужели

What can he imagine?

What could she

be explaining

to me?

Can she have told you a lie?

Could he know him?

следовало бы/мог (ли) бы

ought

should

shouldn’ t

might

You ought to

have come long

ago.

You should

have come long

ago.

You shouldn't have done it.

You might work harder

at your pronunciation.

вежливая форма

разговорная форма

официальная форма

фамильярная форма

could; would

can; will

may

can

He могли бы

Вы ...

Передай

мне ...

Можно мне ...

He можете ли

Вы ...

Could you help me, please? Would you tell me the way to the nearest bank, please?

Can 1 take your umbrella? Will you pass me the salt, please?

May 1 speak to the chief? May 1 ask you a question?

Can't you keep silent for a moment? Can't you leave me alone?

разрешение или отклонение просьбы

категорический запрет или строгое предупреждение

сап

must not

Разреши(те) ...?

Можно мне ...?

Сап 1 phone you in the morning?

May I have a smoke?

можно

нельзя

не должен

нельзя

Yes,.you can. I'll be waiting for your call.

No,.you can't. I'm sorry but I'll be busy tomorrow.

No, you mustn't smoke here.

No, you mustn't smoke here.