9. Neologisms and occasional words

9. Neologisms and occasional words.

Neologisms are a newly coined word or phrase or a new meaning for an existing word, or a word borrowed from another language

New coinages occur in the case where people have a necessity somehow to name new objects or to express different attitude to already existing word

Neologisms are extensively used in various fields such as: social network,

technology, sport, music, medicine and many others. They are very common in newspaper vocabulary. Because the newspaper is very quick to react to any new development in the life of society, in science and technology.

A-bomb, V-Day-war, psycholinguistics, sputnik, bouncebackability was formed from phrasal verb bounce back, meaning 'the ability to recover quickly after a failure‘

bench player noun a player who does not regularly play for the first team, but shows good form and potential

brangelina, staycation- a vacation at home or in the immediate local area

Doorer – noun, a person who causes a cyclist to come off their bike by opening

a car door (by ‘dooring’ them).

BFF: Stands for best friends forever.

It is also interesting to mention the new meaning of word-formation patterns in composition Teach-in is a student conference or a series of seminars on some burning issue of the day, meaning some demonstration of protest. This pattern is very frequent: lie-in, sleep-in, pray-in, laugh-in, love-in, read-in, sing-in, stay-in, talk-in.

In the course of time the new word is accepted into the word-stock of the language and being often used ceases to be considered new, or else it may not be accepted for some reason or other and vanish from the language. The fate of neologisms is hardly predictable: some of them are short-lived, others, on the contrary, become durable as they are liked and accepted. Once accepted, they may serve as a basis for further word-formation: gimmick, gimmickry, gimmicky

When we consider the lexical system of a language as an adaptive system developing for many centuries and reflecting the changing needs of the communication process, we have to contrast the innovations with words that dropped from the language (obsolete words)

The notion of ‘occasionalisms’ is connected with the frequency of their usage. Such words are usually referred to as ‘occasional’ or ‘nonce-words’. Sometimes occasionalisms are called ‘authors neologisms’.

Most of them do not live long. They are not meant to live long. They are, as it were, coined for use at the moment of speech, and therefore possesses a peculiar property – that of temporariness features that distinguish occasionalisms from neologisms:

1. Occasional words are created in speech directly for particular situation. Some authors can quote the most widespread occasionalisms.

2. The novelty of neologisms disappears in some time and extraordinary and unfamiliar perception of occasional elements is their distinctive feature.

3. The appearance of occasionalisms is always unpredictable.

4. Occasional elements are very expressive because of unaccustomed perception and because of special concentration of content.

• jabberwock – The name of the fabulous monster in Lewis Carroll's poem Jabberwocky. Hence in allusive and extended uses, especially "incoherent or nonsensical expression." So jabberwocky is invented language, meaningless language, nonsensical behavior; also nonsensical, meaningless, topsy-turvy.

J.K.Rowling’s novel «Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince»: «inferi» means «sacrifices offered to the souls of deceased heroes or friends».-мракозомби

Amortentia- Амортентия

under neologisms we admit some stable innovative elements, which entered into communication of some group of people; while occasionalisms are understood as words, meanings of words, which are used once in any text, or process of communication.