In mass-media discourse – 30%

Mass-media employ English loan words with the intention of obtaining universal basis for communication and MMD is filled with anglicisms. Due to mass-media colloquilisms have become accessible to language community and spread in the youth language and in journalese (кавер, мейнстрим, арт-хаус,сладер, хед-лайнер)

The persistent use of loan words is motivated by prestige of these words.

As David Crystal said:” when a country adopts a language it adapts it” in different ways.

So adaptation of anglicisms on the level of words may be semantic,lexical,stylistic and paragmatic.

An English impact on the semantic structure of some words already existing in Russian is called cemantic borrowing or calque.

( pirate – has lately acquired the new meaning: a person who infringes another’s copyright or other business right under the influence of English – пиратский диск, пиратская копия, пиратские сайты)

Most loan words are used first for special purposes in a science fiction context or discourse and only later gain wider public recognition and usage.

(Компьютер, картридж, аутсайдер, роуминг)

Polysemantic words are never borrowed as an entity. Two or more lexico-semantic variants may penetrate the recipient language.

Промоутер

1) At first it penetrates to the domain “cinema,cinematography”

2) Later on, another variant of the verb to sell a product became more productive – промоутер, промоушен, промо-акция.

An anglicism may change its semantic structure due to universal metaphoric and metonymic processes which inevitably lead to generelarization or narrowing of meaning (semantic derivation).

Hit (a popular song) but in Russian it means any phenomenon of mass culture or any noticeable phenomenon.

Киоскер привел свой парад хитов.

Хиты продаж – стол «Иван», кухня «Марья», в столице растет спрос на отечественную мебель.

A lot of anglicisms do not function in isolation. They are usually supported by derivatives which definitely indicate a high level of lexical assimilation and their productivity.

Паблик релейшнз. Its abbreviated from пиар had firmly establised itself in Russian.

It has given rise to many derivatives: пиарить, пиарщик, пиар – менеджер, пиар –деятельность.

The ability of anglicisms to generate derivatives in Russian may be explained by already existing derivational model in the language.

Be analogy with the calque челнок,челночный, челночничество

The anglicism рейдер,рейдерский, рейдерство.

Borrowing of foreign words is justified when the recipient language does not possess stable lexical units to denote unknown for Russian notions.

The following anglicisms took place in the Russian language almost immediately to filllexical lacoons in the language

( буккроссинг,хостинг)

Loan words can change their connotative aspect as well.

When the word speech (спич) first appeared un Russian it had a sormal stylistic connotation.Now it’s neutral.

The neutral English word sequel (сиквел) has first acquired un Russian a negative connotation an unseccessfull continuation of a successful film.

Language security in the Internet

81% of teenagers nowadays use Internet slang . On average, only 30% parents of 10-18 year olds are able to accurately identify definitions of 6 popular terms including LMINRL, YOLO, ASL, POS and trolling.

LMRIRL – let`s meet in real life

YOLO – you only live once

POS – parent over shoulder

ASL – age/sex/location

Trolling - The art of deliberately, cleverly, and secretly pissing people off, usually via the internet, using dialogue.

The research by online site knowthenet.org.uk suggests these lesser-known phrases may have more serious implications .

The survey also found that a significant proportion of 10-18 year olds are involved in online misdemeanors. Site director Phil Kingsland said parental awareness of such phrases was important to understanding their children`s online behavior. He said: “Parents may find it frustrating that web language moves so fast, but they need to have understanding of what’s going on so they can engage with and support their kids”

Examples of Internet shortenings:

LMK – let me know; NP – no problem; OIC – oh, I see; TG – that’s great; TGIF – thank God it’s Friday; TIA – thanks in advance; TY – thank you; W8 – wait; PPL – people; Sk8/sk8r – skate/skater; U – you; FAQ – frequently asked questions; BBS – be back soon

Russian borrowed Internet shortenings.

Лол (LOL – laugh out loud); Омг (OMG – oh my God); Заскринить (англ. Screen); Имхо (IMHO – in my humble opinion); Фейл (англ. Fail); Эпик фейл (англ. Epic fail); Нуб (англ. Noob); Хейтер (англ. Hater); Гамать (англ. Game); Банить (англ. Ban); Йеп (англ. Yeap); Лайкать (англ. To like); Репост (англ. Repost)