Modal Verbs
I`d like to tell you about modal verbs. They show the speaker`s attitude toward the action or state indicated by the infinitive. These options can be possible, impossible, necessary, advisable, obligatory and etc.
Modal verbs don`t take ending -s in the 3rd person singular, they don`t need auxiliary verb do in negative sentences and questions. I`m going to tell you about can, must, have to, may and should.
We use “can”
To give or ask permission. (Can I leave?)
To say that something is possible (Winter in England can be quite warm)
To talk about abilities (I can ride a horse)
We use “be able to” to form other tenses of ability. ( I was able to read when I was three.)
We use “must” and “have to” to talk about obligation (You have to visit the dentist regulary. I must find a job because my parents can`t support me)
We use “must” when we talk about our own decisions and we use “have to” to report decisions taken by other people. (I must learn English regularly (this is my choice))
We use “have to” for tenses and forms that are not possible with “must” (I had to go to bed early last night)
Билет 6
Educational system of the usa, Britain and Kazakhstan
Education in the Republic of Kazakhstan is carried out in three languages: Kazakh, Russian, English. Compulsory education begins at the age of seven when children go to school. The Secondary stage starts from the 5th grade. Examinations are taken at the end of the 9th and 11th grades. There are other types of schools in Kazakhstan. Our school specializes in intensive study of foreign languages.
In the British education is compulsory from 5 till 16 years old. Children start primary school at 5 and continue until they are 11. At the 11 most pupils go to secondary schools called comprehensive. At 16 pupils take a national exam called “G.C.S.E.” This is the end of compulsory education. Then pupils can go to the college or the tenth grade.
Education in the USA is compulsory for children from the age of 6 till 16. It involves 12 years of schooling. The American education system consists of 3 basic components: elementary, secondary and higher education. Elementary starts when pupils are 6 years old. Secondary education begins when children go to the ninth grade, when they continue their studies until the twelfth grade. Then they enter universities.
Each education system helps people choose the right way of life and be successful!
GRAMMAR ADJECTIVES
Adjectives are words that describe or modify other words, making your writing and speaking much more specific, and more interesting.
Eg They live in a big, beautiful
There is no general rule for making adjectives. We know they are adjectives usually by what they do (their function) in a sentence. However, some word endings (suffixes) are typical of adjectives.
Eg comfortable have ending –able comical have –al
As the name indicates, possessive adjectives are used to indicate possession. They are: My,Your,His,Her,Its,Our,Their
Like the article the, demonstrative adjectives are used to indicate or demonstrate specific people, animals, or things. These, those, this and that are demonstrative adjectives.
Eg These books belong on that
There are three interrogative adjectives: which, what, and whose. Like all other types of adjectives, interrogative adjectives modify nouns. As you probably know, all three of these words are used to ask questions.
Eg Which option sounds best to you?
Eg What time should we go?
Eg Whose socks are those?
Билет 7
Tell about medicine in the past and present healthy life
At each time people were sick. Not always were modern medicines, but always people led a healthy life.
In the past, there were many pandemics. Some of them could not be cured. The most serious whooping cough, plague, cholera, scurvy and so on. Some of them have disappeared, but other diseases have come to their place.
Now a lot of people are sick. Now there is no plague, pertussis, cholera, but there are other serious diseases. Unlike the past, now there are antibiotics, modern medicines, professional doctors and so on.
In order not to hurt people should lead a healthy life. You need to breathe fresh air, do warm-ups, eat right and smile.
Will and be going to
We use both will and be going to to talk about the future. Sometimes there is very little difference in meaning. It is often just a matter of formality. Will is generally more formal than be going to.
We can use either will or be going to for:
Facts about the future
EXAMPLE:
There will be an eclipse of the sun tomorrow (formal)
There's going to be an eclipse tomorrow (informal)
Predictions (opinion about the future) not based on present evidence
EXAMPLE:
One day people will have holidays on Mars. (formal)
One day people are going to have holidays on Mars (informal)
Decisions made at the moment of speaking
EXAMPLE:
I know! I'll get Dad a DVD for Christmas
I know! I'm going to get Dad a DVD for Christmas
We can use be goiing to for:
Plans and intentions
EXAMPLE:
I'm going to be an astronaut when I grow up.
Predictions based on present evidence
EXAMPLE:
Look out! You're going to fall!
Билет 8