The answer to a task 4
In blood of the patient there is increased quantity of leukocytes, is increased the quantity and activity intracellular enzymes – lactate dehydrogenates and it’s isoenzymes (LDH1,LDH2), aspartate aminotrasnferase, creatine kinase and de Riti’s coefficient relation of AST to ALT is increased /
The given enzymes are organ-specific for a cardiac muscle, their quantity in blood is more increased at infringement of membranes, for example, at necrosis, a myocardium infraction.
Infringement of circulation cause the development of weakness, and headache.
Deficiency of oxygen and nutritional substances leads to infringement oxidative phosphorylation, to prevalence of anaerobic processes, in particular of glycolysis, to deficiency in ATP and infringement volatile to reaction in cells. Accumulation of non oxidased products of an metabolism leads to irritation of receptors of a myocardium or coronary vessels that is the reason of acute, intensive pains.
The answer to a task 5.
Indicated complaints, changes in analyses of blood and urine are marked in acute rheumatism.
Rheumatism is an infectious-allergic disease with systemic inflammatory lesion of connective tissue chiefly in cardio-vascular system. The primary role in development of rheumatism belongs to streptococcal infection. The enzymes of streptococci have properties of antigens, provoking the formation of cardinal and other antibodies, etc; streptococcal infection causes the sensibilization of an organism. In consequence of it the weakness, sweating, headache, insignificant rise of the temperature are appeared.
The increase of globulin fracture in the blood has is caused by synthesis of antibodies. Enzymes of streptococci possesses not only by antigenic properties, but also damage the membrane of lysosomes, provoking the acute phase of inflammation, liberation of kinins, histamine, serotonin; Due to inflammation the leucocytosis with shift to the left, decrease of contents of hemoglobin (anemia), increase of ESR, appearance of C-reactive protein, increase of concentration of fibrinogen are marked in the blood.
In so far as rheumatism is an infectious-allergic disease, the immune system is certainly involved into inflammatory process. It is accompanied by damage of tissue (especially myocardium), immune lymphocytes, activation of lysosomal enzymes.
As a result in the connective tissue occurs the redistribution of hyaluronic, chondroitinsulfuric acids, that it leads the depolimerization and disintegration of matrix of connective tissue, disintegration of collagen. Increase of concentration of sialic acids and rise of diphenylaminic test confirms the destruction of connective tissue and as well as laboratory signs, which are characteristic for inflammation, attest of activity of rheumatic process.
In rheumatism, in more degree, the connective tissue of myocardium is damaged, therefore the pains are marked in cardiac region. On a level with cardiac appearance of rheumatism the extracardial types exist. They include damage of joints, pleura, abdominal tissue, therefore pains are marked in joints, in 80 % cases in rheumatism the kidneys are damaged, therefore there is a protein in urine and the microhematuria is marked (single erythrocytes in visual field).