Clinical situation 10

Patient, 60 year old man, complains on the skin dryness and mouth dryness, thirst (polydipsia), profound diuresis ( polyuria), polyphagia, weakness, weight loss, itch, sleeplessness, decrease in energy working ability.

Blood test:

Glucose 20 mmol/l

Lactate 1,8 mmol/l

NEFA 1000 mcmol/l

Ketone bodies 12 mmol/l

Cholesterol 9 mmol/l

Urea 9 mmol /l

Bicarbonates 15 mmol/l

Urine test:

Diuresis 5 l

Color pale

pH acidic

Specific gravity 1,045

Glucose 1%

Ketone bodies positive

1. What are the changes in blood and urine test?

2. Which metabolic processes are damaged?

3. With which pathological condition it may be?

4. What is the mechanism of these malfunctions?

Clinical situation

The man, 27 years old, he is complained on the weakness, sweat, headache, rise of temperature, pains in jpints and in cardiac region.

General analysis of blood:

Leykocytes – 11.0*10 ⁹ g/l

Erythrocyres – 4 * 10 ¹² g/l

Hemoglobin – 90.5 g/l

ESR – 28 mm/hour

The biochemical test serum of blood:

General protein – 110 g/l

C-reactive protein – the reaction is positive

Diphenylic test – 12 mmol/ l (5.8-6.6 nol/l)

Fibrinogen – 6.8 g/l

Sialic acids – 3,8 mmo/l

Analysis of urine:

Diuresis – 1.91

Color – straw- yellow

Specific gravity – 1.027

PH – slightly – acidia

Protein – is present in the form of trace

The formed element - single erytrocytes in visual field

1. What are the changes in blood and urine test?

2. Which metabolic processes are damages?

3. With which pathological condition it may be?

4. What is the mechanism of these malfunctioins?

Clinical situation

The man of 48 years complains on the occurrence of pressing intensive pains in epigastria areas which were distributed in retrosternal area, rise in temperature, sharp weakness, dizziness, a nausea, numerous vomiting.

The general analysis of blood:

Leukocytes – 10*10⁹ / 1

Eruthocytes or red blood cells - 4 * 10 ¹² / l

Hemoglobin 150 g/l

Biochemical parameters of serum of blood:

Activity of lactate dehydrogenese – general - 32. 000 nmol/l

On share of LDG 1 48% are necessary, normal – 23-37%

LDG1/LDG2 = 1.0 in norm the ration is equal 1.0

Activity of aspartate aminotransferase AST – 1319 nmol/l

Activity of creatine kinase CK – 500 nmol/l

AST/ALT – 4,21 normal – 1.33

Erythrocytes sedimentation rate ESR – 8 mm/h

The urine analysis (urine exertion) – 1.8 ml

Reaction of medium – slightly – acidic

Color – straw – colored

Relative density – 1.026

Protein is absent

The formed elements are absent

1. What are the changes in blood and urine test?

2. Which metabolic processes are damages?

3. With which pathological condition it may be?

4. What is the mechanism of these malfunctioins?