Vocabulary
natural
mining
renewable
solar
tidal
fossil
emissions
installing
turbines
panels
post-communist
redecorated
misread
over-time
multimillion
injured
lumps
hurt
particles
harms
Use of English
1 able / in
2 whose / mine
3 fumes / up
4 which / out
5 where / misbehaving
LISTENING
Tapescript
Speaker A
I don't know why people dump their rubbish by the river opposite where we live. By doing that they may harm plants and animals, and even pollute the water in the river, because rubbish can contain hazardous material. That can have a huge impact on our health, too. I call the police every time I see someone doing it, as it is illegal, but what can they do apart from making them pay a fine, when the government does so little?
Speaker B
There are many animals that are endangered and it would be a real shame if they disappeared from earth forever. I think it's vital for governments to support wildlife conservation and habitat protection programmes, and fight against the many threats to these endangered species, such as habitat loss, poaching or illegal trade. It is proven that many animals live longer in captivity than in the wild, so wildlife reserves, safaris and quality zoos should be funded by governments. And of course schools should teach children and young people to respect and protect animals.
Speaker C
I strongly believe that one of the best renewable energy resources is wind energy. Once wind turbines are installed, either individually or on windfarms, wind power is extremely easy to make and it's certainly one of the best alternatives to fossil fuels, as it's plentiful, renewable and widely available. I've just read an article where wind power was comparable in cost to coal or natural gas installations in a new house. So, when my wife and I finally decide where to build our eco-house, we'll consider getting our power from wind turbines. Either that, or a combination of solar panels and wind turbines.
Speaker D
I don't understand why so many people ignore the fact that their cars produce exhaust emissions that pollute the environment and use natural oil and other non-renewable resources. CO2 emissions contribute significantly to creating greenhouse gases, so it should be in everyone's interest to get an ecological car, which has low exhaust emissions and fuel consumption. Apparently making a new car creates as much carbon pollution as driving it, so we really should use public transport as much as possible.
Speaker E
We live in an eco-friendly, or, as some call it, green neigbourhood. All the houses in our street were built from various recycled materials and are more energy efficient, because they use renewable energy sources, such as solar roof panels or heat pumps. I know it's a bit of an investment, but we feel great living in this area, not only because we are saving energy, which means saving money, but also because we are reducing our carbon footprint. We don't own a car either. Instead, we cycle everywhere, or take a train or bus.
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READING
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UNIT 9 PROGRESS TEST B
GRAMMAR
hadn't
could
mightn’t
needn't
might
wouldn't
had chosen
needn't have offered
mightn't
would have been
should
couldn't
mightn't
could
would
had told me sooner
wouldn't be so cross
would be clearer
would start better
you had telephoned earlier