1. What do you know about the origin of the term phonetics and its history?

The term phonetics derived from the Greek words (phone) meaning sound, voice, and (ta phonetica) meaning matters pertaining to the voice , the science of the voice. In modern times phonetics is often defined, as “the science of speech sounds considered as elements of language…”.

The Phoenicians are credited as the first to create a phonetic writing system, from which all major modern phonetic alphabets are now derived.

Written documents and evidences from ancient civilizations point to an awareness of speech, its origin and abnormalities a long time ago.

In India more than 2000 years ago there flourished a science of phonetics more advanced than any that has since been known until very recent times.

2. What does phonetics study?

Phonetics is the study of the sounds of language. These sounds are called phonemes.

Phonetics formulates the rules of pronunciation for separate sounds and sound combinations. The rules of reading are based on the relation of sounds to orthography and present certain difficulties in learning the English language, especially on the initial stage of stud¬ying.

3. What linguistic sciences is theoretical phonetics connected with?

It is an independent branch of linguistics that has, in its turn, developed branches of its own. phonetics connected with grammar, lexicology and stylistics

Phonetics is an essential part of language because it gives language a definite form; – the vocabulary and grammar of a language can function only when the language has phonetic form.

4. How is phonetics connected with grammar? Give examples.

grammar and vocabulary depend on phonetics; they cannot exist outside of phonetics, because all lexical and grammatical phenomena are expressed phonetically.

Through the system of rules of reading Phonetics is connected with grammar and helps to pronounce correctly singular and plural forms of nouns, the past tense forms and past participles of English regular verbs, e.g. /d/ is pronounced after voiced consonants (beg-begged) and /t/ - after voiceless consonants (wish-wished), /id/ -after /t/ (want-wanted).

Vowel interchange helps to distinguish the singular and the plural of such words as : basis-bases /’beisis-‘beisi:z/, analysis-analyses.

Phonetics also connected with grammar through its intonation component. Sometimes intonation alone can serve to single out the logical predicate of the sentence: ‘He came home. – Who came home?

5. How is Phonetics connected with lexicology? Give examples.

though sounds are meaningless units of the language, they participate in the constraction and destinction of meaningful units – words The change of stress in the sound complex may bring about their change of meaning and of partern speach. E.g. perfect – to perfect.

6. How is Phonetics connected with history of the languages? Give examples.

Theoretical significance of phonetics is connected with the further development of the problem or the synchronic study and description of the phonetic system of a national language, the comparative ana­lysis and description of different languages and the study of the cor­respondences between them, the diachronic description of successive changes in the phonetic system of a language or different languages.

Practical significance of phonetics is connected with teaching foreign languages. Practical phonetics is applied in methods of speech correction, teaching deaf-mutes, film doubling, transliteration, radio and telephone.