Vocabulary practice glossary

1. genetically modified (GM) foods

2. global warming

3. toxic waste

4. solar/wind power

5. overuse of pesticides

6. urban development

7. solutions to environmental problems

8. recycling scheme

9. climate change

10. fossils

11. sea level

12. environmental awareness

13. commercial fishing

14. the South Pole

15. beat the British

16. the ultimate challenge

17. hоld the key to

18. evolve (to evolve one’s ideas out of, evolution, evolving)

19. have a crucial role

20. sediment

21. the ozone layer

22. contribute to (contribution)

23. levels of global pollution by industry, agriculture and atomic bombs

24. preserve

25. be protected by regulation

26. cause harm to fish, birds and seals

27. take account of

28. the food chain

29. be driven to extinction

30. breed in the Antarctic

31. be for restrictions

32. international concern over the environmental impact of

33. strict measures to control marine pollution

34. strictly limited

35. environmental issues

36. come to realize

37. explore the Antarctic

38. victims of carelessness

39. minimize illegal fishing

40. the ecosystem approach

41. assess the numbers of seals and seabirds

42. provide a base for scientific research

Word study

1. level n a flat area of surface; a degree of height (lit. and fig.), as to be above (below) sea-level; the level of knowledge (development); low (high, average, cultural, intellectual, economic, scientific) level; to be on a level with sth/sb., e. g. The water in the river was on a level with the banks. His knowledge is quite on a level with a fourth-year student’s, on the level (colloq.) honest(ly), e. g. Is he on the level? Syn. height, highness, altitude, elevation, distance upward.

level adj 1) having a flat, horizontal surface, as level road, level ground; to make a surface level; 2) even, well-balanced, steady, as to speak in a level voice, e. g. He has a level head (is level-headed), syn. flat.

level vt 1) to make level or flat, as to level a building (a village, a city) to the ground, e. g. The German fascists levelled many villages to the ground. 2) to bring to a horizontal position; to raise and aim, e. g. The hunter levelled his gun at the beast.

2. account vt/i 1) for a) to explain the cause of; serve as an explanation of, answer (to sb/for sth), e. g. He has been asked to account for his conduct. Ah, that accounts for it! There’s no accounting for tastes, b) to give a reckoning of (money that has been entrusted to one), e. g. The boy has to account to his parents for the money they give him for school expenses. 2) to consider, as to account sb wise (a hero), e. g. In English law a man is accounted innocent until he is proved guilty. Syn. consider, regard as, view as, take for, judge, adjudge, count, deem.

account n 1) a statement of money (to be) paid or received for goods or services, e. g. I.would like to open an account with your bank. Put the goods down to my account 2) a credit arrange­ment with a bank or business firm. to square (balance) accounts with sb (fig.) to remove moral grievances between people by giving or taking punish­ment, e. g.David said he was going to square accounts with the man who had given false testimony against him. 3) a report, description, narrative, e. g.He doesn’t believe newspaper ac­counts of the new developments there. 4) consideration to take sth into account, to take no account of sth, e. g. Please take into account the fact that he has very little money. 5) reason, cause on account of because of, e. g. On account of his age he wasn't allowed into the pub. on no account, not on any account in no case, for no reason, e. g. Don't on any account leave the baby alone in the house.

accountant n a person whose job is to keep or check financial accounts, e.g. We talked to the company’s chief accountant. Syn. book-keeper

3. evolve vt to develop gradually, e.g. The company has evolved into a major chemical manufacturer; (with reference to an organism or biological feature) to develop over successive generations as a result of natural selection, e.g. The domestic dog is thought to have evolved from the wolf.

Syn. develop, progress, make progress, advance, move forward, make headway, mature, row, open out, unfold, unroll, expand, enlarge, spread, extend; alter, change.

evolution n the process by which different kinds of living organism are believed to have developed from earlier forms during the history of the earth; the gradual development of something.

evolvement n the act of evolving, or the state of being evolved; evolution, e.g. Their concerns have to be built into the evolvement of any development plan.

evolvable adj

4. preserve vt 1) to keep from spoiling, from decay, from risk of going bad (by boiling, pickling, making into jam, etc.) as to preserve fruit, eggs, milk, vegetables, e g. It's easy to pre­serve vegetables in vinegar. 2) to keep up, as to preserve peace, to preserve one's eye­sight, to preserve the memory of another, to preserve one's looks, strength, composure, to preserve appearances, silence, to preserve old customs, a well-preserved old man, e. g. Don’t read in poor light if you want to preserve your good eyesight. The leader's main aim was to preserve peace. Syn. conserve, protect, keep, save, maintain, defend.

preservation n the action of preserving something.

5. provide vt 1) make available for use; supply, e.g. These clubs provide a much appreciated service for this area; to provide someone with to equip or supply someone with (something useful or necessary), e.g. We were provided with a map of the area. to provide to to present or yield (something useful), e.g. Neither will provide answers to  these problems 2) to stipulate in a will or other legal document, e.g. The order should be varied to provide that there would be no contact with the father. Syn. stipulate.

provide for 1) to make adequate preparation for (a possible event), e.g. New qualifications must provide for changes in technology; 2) to supply sufficient money to ensure the maintenance of (someone), e.g. Emma was handsomely provided for in Frannie’s will; 3) (of a law) to enable or allow (something to be done), e.g. The bill provides for the setting of guaranteed service standards

provision n the action of providing or supplying something for use as new contracts for the provision of services.

provision for/against financial or other arrangements for future eventualities or requirements, e.g. Farmers have been slow to make provision for their retirement

Task 4. Make up a story/dialogue using active vocabulary

Task 5.