Centrum celoživotného a kompetenčného vzdelávania PU

ÚSTAV JAZYKOVÝCH KOMPETENCIÍ

Ul. 17 novembra 15, rektorát sekcia D, miestnosť č. 122

klaudia.valdmanova@unipo.sk

ENGLISH IN BIOLOGY II

Klaudia Valdmanová

UNIT 10 THE HUMAN BODY

Presentation 1 Body organization

Task 1 Read the text and fill in expressions you know from your previous study.

The human body is organized on the following four levels.

1. Cellular level. The cell is the basic structural and functional compound of our body. Humans are multi-cellular organisms composed of between 60 and 100 trillion of cells which perform vital functions of life such as: m............................ , g.................., irritability, adaptability, repair and r............................ . Cells are specialized to carry out specific functions. Examples of specialized cells are bone cells, f............ cells, b............... cells, muscle cells and n.................. cells.

2. Tissue level. There are four types of tissues - groups of similar cells performing a specific function: epithelial, m……………….. , n……….…… and connective tissues.

3. Organ level. Two or more tissues joined to perform a particular function are called an organ. The organs vary in size and functions. Examples of organs are: the heart, ……………………………….. .

4. System level. Body systems consist of various organs responsible for similar functions, e.g. the respiratory system, …………………..…………….….. . Certain organs may serve several systems, e.g. the pancreas belongs to the endocrine as well as digestive systems. All the systems work together and constitute the organism.

Task 2 a) Write the names of individual tissues next to the functions.

b) Write the names of the tissues next to the picturesbelow the chart.

function	tissue
Binds and supports body parts.
Receives stimuli and transmits impulses.
Covers body surfaces, lines body cavities, and forms glands.
Moves the body and its parts.

Task 3 Word formation. Complete the missing part of the chart.

noun	adjective		noun	adjective
cell				metabolic
	structural		organ
	functional			systemic
nerve			epithelium
anatomy			muscle

Task 4 Which levels of body organization do the pictures belong to?

a) ……….... b)…………. c) …………. d) ………..……. e) …………….

Presentation 2 The human body – its basic anatomical parts and regions I

Task 1 While reading the text complete the missing body parts.

The human body is divided into following parts that can be identified on its surface: the h……….., the n…….….., the trunk, and the extremities.

The head is the seat of the b….…….…, several sense organs and inlets for air and food. It has the cranial and f………..… regions. The neck is called the cervical region.

The trunk is divided into several regions. The thorax or the thoracic region is commonly called the chest. Then there are the mammary regions round the nipples, and in a female round entire breasts. Between them there is the sternal region. The area surrounding the armpits is known as the axillary region. At the back we distinguish the vertebral region. The buttock is called the gluteal region.

The abdomen is situated below the thorax. The abdomen is divided into nine regions describing the location of the internal organs. The division into four quadrants is commonly used. In the central part on the abdomen, there is the n………….. . The region below it is referred to as the pelvic region followed by the genital region containing external s…………. organs and the perineal region round the a…………..…. opening.

Task 2 Mark the regions on the human body on the diagram on the left.

Task 3 Complete the names of the quadrants in the right picture.

Presentation 3 The human body – its parts and regions II

The upper extremity is composed of the shoulder, the upper arm, the e………..…., the forearm, the w………… and the hand. The parts of the hand are the back and the palm, the thumb and four f……...….. with the n……..…. .

In human anatomical terms, the leg is the part of the lower extremity that lies between the hip and the a.................. . The thigh is between the hip and k ............... . The leg from the knee to the ankle is called crus. The calf is the back portion. The foot includes the sole, the instep, the arch, the heel with the Achilles tendon and the t…………. .

Task Label the main parts of a) face b) the upper extremity c) the lower extremity

Presentation 4 The body cavities

The human body is not a solid structure as it looks on the outside, but it has five main cavities each containing internal organs and several smaller cavities within the head.

Task 1 Match the terms in the column A with the definition in the column B. Then label the cavities in the diagram

A B

1 spinal cavity a contains the urinary bladder

2 thoracic cavity b contains the stomach

3 cranial cavity c space inside the skull

4 pelvic cavity d the spinal cord is located there

5 abdominal cavity e its colloquial name is the chest

Task 2 Mark the middle ear cavity, oral cavity, nasal cavity, orbital cavities and sinuses.

Task 3 Word formation. Complete the following chart.

Noun Colloquial expression	Noun Medical (Latin or Greek) term	Adjective
eye	orbit	orbital
face	face/ facies
	cervix
	thorax
	mamma	mammary
	axilla
	umbilicus
	gluteus
	manus

UNIT 11 SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY

THE SKELETAL AND MUSCULAR SYSTEMS

Presentation 1 Systems and their functions

Systems are the most complex of the units of the human body. The system is an organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs so arranged that together they can perform complex functions for the body. Major systems composing the human body are as follows:

Skeletal Lymphatic Circulatory (Cardiovascular)

Muscular Respiratory Reproductive

Nervous Digestive Integumentary

Endocrine Urinary

Task 1 Match the systems with the correct descriptions of their functions.

	s y s t e m		d e s c r i p t i o n
1	muscular	a	body immunity, absorption of fats, drainage of tissue fluids
2	cardiovascular	b	external protection of body against injuries and pathogens, regulation of temperature
3	nervous	c	breakdown and absorption of food materials
4	digestive	d	transport of life sustaining materials to body cells, removal of metabolic wastes from cells
5	lymphatic	e	body movement, production of body heat
6	integumentary	f	regulation of all body activities, learning and memory

Task 4 Write the name of the system to the following descriptions.

1. Its primary function is to supply the blood with oxygen. through breathing……….…

2. It removes liquid wastes from the body. ………………………………………………

3. It enables mankind to reproduce itself. ………………………………………..….…...

4. It supports the body and produces blood cells. ..........………....