- •A) Selection procedures of rw-in-use.
- •2. A) Controller’s actions during coordination.
- •3. A) Data link communications initiation procedures.
- •4. A) Essential aerodrome information.
- •5. A) Functions of Aerodrome Control Towers (general).
- •6. A) Procedures of aerodrome traffic (vehicles) and people control in the maneuvering area.
- •7. A) Reduction in separation minima in the vicinity of aerodrome.
- •8. A) Expected approach time.
- •9. A) Priority on the maneuvering area.
- •10. A) General provisions for the separation of controlled traffic.
- •11. A) Different types of flights.
- •12. A) Landing and roll-out maneuvers.
- •13. A) Procedure of issuing atc clearance for departure and appropriate coordination when issuing such clearance.
- •14. A) Issuance clearance procedure for start up engines.
- •15. A) Issuance clearance procedure for towing.
- •16. A) Issuance clearance procedure for taxiing.
- •17. A) Issuance clearance procedure for taking off.
- •18. A) Issuance clearance procedure for landing.
- •19. A) Approach and obstacle lighting.
- •20. A) Issuance instructions procedure relating to going around again.
- •21. A) Procedure of controller’s actions when directing aircraft to the alternate aerodrome.
- •22. A) rw lighting.
- •23. A) Monitoring of visual aids.
- •24. A) Alerting service provided by aerodrome control Towers.
- •25. A) Information for arriving aircraft.
- •26. A) Minimum separation between departing aircraft.
- •27. A) Separation of departing aircraft from arriving aircraft.
- •29. A) Procedure of canceling flights under vmc conditions.
- •30. A) Procedure of controller’s actions in case there are obstructions on the rw.
5. A) Functions of Aerodrome Control Towers (general).
Aerodrome control towers shall issue information and clearances to aircraft under their control to achieve a safe, orderly and expeditious flow of air traffic on and in the vicinity of an aerodrome with the object of preventing collision(s) between:
aircraft flying within the designated area of responsibility of the control tower, including the aerodrome traffic circuits;
aircraft operating on the maneuvering area;
aircraft landing and taking off;
aircraft and vehicles operating on the maneuvering area;
aircraft on the maneuvering area and obstructions on that area.
Aerodrome controllers shall maintain a continuous watch on all flight operations on and in the vicinity of an aerodrome as well as vehicles and personnel on the maneuvering area. Watch shall be maintained by visual observation, augmented in low visibility conditions by radar when available. Traffic shall be controlled in accordance with the procedures set forth herein and all applicable traffic rules specified by the appropriate ATS authority. If there are other aerodromes within a control zone, traffic at all aerodromes within such a zone shall be coordinated so that traffic circuits do not conflict.
The functions of an aerodrome control tower may be performed by different control or working positions, such as:
aerodrome controller, normally responsible for operations on the runway and aircraft flying within the area of responsibility of the aerodrome control tower;
ground controller, normally responsible for traffic on the maneuvering area with the exception of runways;
clearance delivery position, normally responsible for delivery of start-up and ATC clearances to departing IFR flights.
Where parallel or near-parallel runways are used for simultaneous operations, individual aerodrome controllers should be responsible for operations on each of the runways.
b) What actions should be carried out by an ATC if an aircraft encountered wind shear?
Wind shear is a rapid change of wind speed or direction over a short distance horizontally or vertically. It can occur at any height, but is far more dangerous when encountered close to the ground as it can result in loss of controllability of the aircraft because during approach phase the plane reduces its speed and becomes more vulnerable to the influence of the outside factors. Thus, wind shear can lead to stall, overshooting or touching down before landing zone.
Wind shears are usually common due to thunderstorms (they appear under thunderstorm cells because of downdrafts and updrafts) or jet streams.
As wind shear is a rapid change of wind, it is rather complicated to foresee it for meteorologists. In the majority of cases the ATCs and meteorological centres obtain report about wind shear from the previous plane. Sophisticated aircraft are equipped with a wind shear alerting system that warns the crew about the danger with a woman’s voice.