- •A) Selection procedures of rw-in-use.
- •2. A) Controller’s actions during coordination.
- •3. A) Data link communications initiation procedures.
- •4. A) Essential aerodrome information.
- •5. A) Functions of Aerodrome Control Towers (general).
- •6. A) Procedures of aerodrome traffic (vehicles) and people control in the maneuvering area.
- •7. A) Reduction in separation minima in the vicinity of aerodrome.
- •8. A) Expected approach time.
- •9. A) Priority on the maneuvering area.
- •10. A) General provisions for the separation of controlled traffic.
- •11. A) Different types of flights.
- •12. A) Landing and roll-out maneuvers.
- •13. A) Procedure of issuing atc clearance for departure and appropriate coordination when issuing such clearance.
- •14. A) Issuance clearance procedure for start up engines.
- •15. A) Issuance clearance procedure for towing.
- •16. A) Issuance clearance procedure for taxiing.
- •17. A) Issuance clearance procedure for taking off.
- •18. A) Issuance clearance procedure for landing.
- •19. A) Approach and obstacle lighting.
- •20. A) Issuance instructions procedure relating to going around again.
- •21. A) Procedure of controller’s actions when directing aircraft to the alternate aerodrome.
- •22. A) rw lighting.
- •23. A) Monitoring of visual aids.
- •24. A) Alerting service provided by aerodrome control Towers.
- •25. A) Information for arriving aircraft.
- •26. A) Minimum separation between departing aircraft.
- •27. A) Separation of departing aircraft from arriving aircraft.
- •29. A) Procedure of canceling flights under vmc conditions.
- •30. A) Procedure of controller’s actions in case there are obstructions on the rw.
22. A) rw lighting.
Runway lighting shall not be operated if that runway is not in use for landing, take-off or taxiing purposes, unless required for runway inspections or maintenance.
If runway lighting is not operated continuously, lighting following a take-off shall be provided as specified below:
at aerodromes where air traffic control service is provided and where lights are centrally controlled, the lights of one runway shall remain lighted after take-off as long as is considered necessary for the return of the aircraft due to an emergency occurring during or immediately after take-off;
at aerodromes without air traffic control service or without centrally controlled lights, the lights of one runway shall remain lighted until such time as would normally be required to reactivate the lights in the likelihood of the departing aircraft returning for an emergency landing, and in any case not less than fifteen minutes after take-off.
b) What do security precautions include?
Security precautions include usage of metal detector doors, X-ray machines, restriction of carriage of some goods for the passengers, finger prints, sniffing dogs, video cameras scanning, biometrical profiling.
Following the 11th of September security measures were escalated:
√ bulletproof and locked cockpit doors were installed
√ no access to the cockpit is permitted
√ flying marshals are used by some air companies to deter and thwart hijackers
√ CCTV cameras are installed on the boards for pilots to monitor the situation in the cabin
√ interception of the hijacked aircraft.
23. A) Monitoring of visual aids.
Aerodrome controllers shall make use of automatic monitoring facilities, when provided, to ascertain whether the lighting is in good order and functioning according to selection.
In the absence of an automatic monitoring system or to supplement such a system, the aerodrome controller shall visually observe such lighting as can be seen from the aerodrome control tower and use information from other sources such as visual inspections or reports from aircraft to maintain awareness of the operational status of the visual aids.
On receipt of information indicating a lighting fault, the aerodrome controller shall take such action as is warranted to safeguard any affected aircraft or vehicles, and initiate action to have the fault rectified.
b) What is the difference between terrorism and skyjacking.
Terrorism is a violent act conducted in order to create fear and follow an ideological goal. The forms of terrorist acts are murder, threat, punishment, explosion, hijacking, kidnapping. Terrorist acts are planned by special organizations or groups of people against state, political or public leaders. Terrorists commit acts of violence in order to attract attention of the government and the whole world to their causes. The possible motives of terrorist acts are political and ideological convictions, religious beliefs, revenge, getting better life, intimidation of the population, behavior of mentally sick people. Terrorists use a great variety of weapons: handmade bombs, bomb-parcels, modernized guns, stun guns, explosives, knives, flammable liquids. They can also use chemical, biological and even nuclear weapon.
Hijacking (skyjacking) is a form of terrorism when an armed person or group of people seize the aircraft, threaten the crew and hold the passengers hostages. Skyjacking is committed by various reasons: monetary ransom, seeking for political asylum (Aeroflot hijacking in 1988) release of certain inmates (Indian Airlines hijacking in 1999, Air France Airlines hijacking in 1994), revenge for political or military government’s politics (September 11, 2001), draw government attention to particular problem having some ideological convictions, intimidation of the population, unpredicted and unexplained actions of mentally ill people. Thus it is the unlawful seizure of an aircraft. Hijackers can also use various types of weapon – starting from hand guns, machine guns, explosives, stun guns, easy flammable substances, fire crash axes and finishing with pen knifes, plastic knifes and what not.