- •A) Selection procedures of rw-in-use.
- •2. A) Controller’s actions during coordination.
- •3. A) Data link communications initiation procedures.
- •4. A) Essential aerodrome information.
- •5. A) Functions of Aerodrome Control Towers (general).
- •6. A) Procedures of aerodrome traffic (vehicles) and people control in the maneuvering area.
- •7. A) Reduction in separation minima in the vicinity of aerodrome.
- •8. A) Expected approach time.
- •9. A) Priority on the maneuvering area.
- •10. A) General provisions for the separation of controlled traffic.
- •11. A) Different types of flights.
- •12. A) Landing and roll-out maneuvers.
- •13. A) Procedure of issuing atc clearance for departure and appropriate coordination when issuing such clearance.
- •14. A) Issuance clearance procedure for start up engines.
- •15. A) Issuance clearance procedure for towing.
- •16. A) Issuance clearance procedure for taxiing.
- •17. A) Issuance clearance procedure for taking off.
- •18. A) Issuance clearance procedure for landing.
- •19. A) Approach and obstacle lighting.
- •20. A) Issuance instructions procedure relating to going around again.
- •21. A) Procedure of controller’s actions when directing aircraft to the alternate aerodrome.
- •22. A) rw lighting.
- •23. A) Monitoring of visual aids.
- •24. A) Alerting service provided by aerodrome control Towers.
- •25. A) Information for arriving aircraft.
- •26. A) Minimum separation between departing aircraft.
- •27. A) Separation of departing aircraft from arriving aircraft.
- •29. A) Procedure of canceling flights under vmc conditions.
- •30. A) Procedure of controller’s actions in case there are obstructions on the rw.
17. A) Issuance clearance procedure for taking off.
Take-off clearance may be issued to an aircraft when there is reasonable assurance that the separation will exist when the aircraft commences take-off. When an ATC clearance is required prior to take-off, the take-off clearance shall not be issued until the ATC clearance has been transmitted to and acknowledged by the aircraft concerned.
The take-off clearance shall be issued when the aircraft is ready for take-off and at or approaching the departure runway, and the traffic situation permits. To reduce the potential for misunderstanding, the take-off clearance shall include the designator of the departure runway.
In the interest of expediting the traffic, a clearance for immediate take-off may be issued to an aircraft before it enters the runway. On acceptance such clearance, the aircraft shall taxi out to the runway and take off in one continuous movement.
b) What types of fuel contamination do you know?
Fuel contamination – is a situation when there is water, metal chips or some other foreign objects in the fuel. It can lead to engine failure, not stable work of the engine, fuel system failure, possibly forced landing out of aerodrome or ditching. There are different forms of contamination that can exist. For example: bacterial, microbial, foreign object, water, dirt, sand, ice.
18. A) Issuance clearance procedure for landing.
The clearance for landing is issued when:
There are no obstructions on RW;
Separation between arriving aircraft is maintained;
There is no traffic on final approach.
Clearance to land should normally be passed to the aircraft before it reaches a distance of 4 km from touchdown. To reduce the potential for misunderstanding, the landing clearance shall include the designator of the landing runway.
b) What is fuel dumping procedure?
In cases when maximum landing weight of the aircraft is exceeded, fuel dumping or fuel burning are required.
Fuel dumping (or a fuel jettison) is a procedure used by aircraft in certain emergency situations before a return to the airport shortly after take-off, or before landing short of its intended destination to lighten aircraft's weight.
Special dumping area should be requested and entered.
More sophisticated aircraft are not equipped with fuel dumping system. Thus, only fuel burning is possible.
19. A) Approach and obstacle lighting.
Note. Obstacle lighting includes such lights as obstacle and unserviceability lights and hazard beacons.
Obstacle lighting associated with the approach to or departure from a runway or channel, where the obstacle does not project through the inner horizontal surface, may be turned off and on simultaneously with the runway or channel lights.
Unserviceability lights may not be turned off while the aerodrome is open.
Note. Approach lighting includes such lights as simple approach lighting systems, precision approach lighting systems, visual approach slope indicator systems, circling guidance lights, approach light beacons and runway alignment indicators.
Approach lighting shall also be operated:
by day when requested by an approaching aircraft;
when the associated runway lighting is operated.
The lights of a visual approach slope indicator system shall be operated during the hours of daylight as well as of darkness and irrespective of the visibility conditions when the associated runway is being used.
b) Belly landing.
Belly landing there is normally extensive damage to the airplane. Belly landings carry the risk that the aircraft may flip over, disintegrate, or catch fire if it lands too fast or too hard. Strong crosswinds, low visibility, damage to the airplane, or unresponsive instruments or controls greatly increase the danger of performing a belly landing. Still, belly landings are ones of the most common types of aircraft accidents, and are normally not fatal if executed carefully.
Usually the term "belly landing'' refers to situation when gear mechanism fails to extend and the term "gear up landing " refers to the situation when pilots forgot to extend gear.