Практические навыки (для студентов лечебного, педиатрического факультетов и фис)
Набрать инструменты для разъединения мягких тканей.
Набрать инструменты для соединения мягких тканей.
Набрать инструменты для остеотомии.
Набрать инструменты для секвестрэктомии.
Набрать инструменты для скелетного вытяжения
Набрать инструменты для внутрикостного (интрамедуллярного) остеосинтеза.
Набрать инструменты для накостного (экстрамедуллярного) остеосинтеза.
Набрать инструменты для ампутации.
Набрать инструменты для костно-пластической и резекционной трепанации черепа.
Набрать инструменты для трахеостомии.
Набрать инструменты для торакотомии, резекции ребра и операций на легких.
Набрать инструменты для сосудистого шва и операций на сердце.
Набрать инструменты для лапаротомии и операций на печени, желчевыводящих путях.
Набрать инструменты для кишечного шва.
Набрать инструменты для операций на почках и мочевом пузыре.
Набрать инструменты для пункции полостей, лапаро- и торакоцентеза.
Наложить простой узловой шов.
Наложить узловой п-образный шов.
Наложить непрерывный шов.
Наложить непрерывный обвивной шов.
Завязать простой, морской и двойной хирургический узлы.
Используя схему Кронлейна (Кронлейна-Брюсовой) показать на черепе проекцию основных сосудов и главных борозд головного мозга.
Обозначить точки для скелетного вытяжения на конечностях.
Используя внешние ориентиры обозначить точку для наружного дренирования грудного лимфатического протока.
Используя внешние ориентиры обозначить проекционную линию подмышечной артерии.
Используя внешние ориентиры обозначить проекционную линию плечевой артерии.
Используя внешние ориентиры обозначить проекционную линию лучевой артерии.
Используя внешние ориентиры обозначить проекционную линию локтевой артерии.
Используя внешние ориентиры обозначить проекционную линию бедренной артерии.
Используя внешние ориентиры обозначить проекционную линию подколенной артерии.
Используя внешние ориентиры обозначить проекционную линию передней большеберцовой артерии.
Используя внешние ориентиры обозначить проекционную линию общей сонной артерии
Используя внешние ориентиры указать точку пункции реберно-диафрагмального синуса.
Используя внешние ориентиры указать точку пункции перикарда по Ларрею.
Используя внешние ориентиры указать точку пункции брюшной полости.
Используя внешние ориентиры указать точки пункции плечевого сустава.
Используя внешние ориентиры указать точку пункции тазобедренного сустава.
Используя внешние ориентиры указать точки пункции коленного сустава.
Используя внешние ориентиры обозначить линии разрезов при экзартикуляции фаланг пальцев.
Используя внешние ориентиры обозначить линии разрезов при вскрытии подкожного панариция.
Используя внешние ориентиры обозначить линии разрезов при вскрытии тендовагинита.
Используя внешние ориентиры обозначить линии разрезов при вскрытии флегмон кисти.
Используя внешние ориентиры обозначить линии разрезов при вскрытии флегмон стопы.
Используя внешние ориентиры обозначить точки блокады круглой связки печени и канюлирования пупочной вены.
Используя внешние ориентиры обозначить точку пункции подключичной вены по Сельдингеру.
Используя внешние ориентиры обозначить точку пункции мочевого пузыря.
Используя внешние ориентиры обозначить точку для проведения вагосимпатической блокады.
Используя внешние ориентиры обозначить точку для проведения паранефральной блокады.
Используя внешние ориентиры обозначить точку для проведения спинно-мозговой пункции.
Используя внешние ориентиры обозначить точку для проведения блокады семенного канатика.
Вопросы рассмотрены и утверждены на учебно-методическом совещании кафедры
29 сентября 2014г.
Заведующий кафедрой,
профессор С.А.Зурнаджан
QUESTIONS for course exam topographical anatomy and operative surgery for students of the medical faculty and FFS ASMU TOPOGRAPHIC APPLIED (CLINICAL) ANATOMY
1. Subject and task of topographic anatomy and operative surgery. Clinical orientation of its teaching. 2. Classical and modern methods of studying topographical anatomy. Modeling in applied anatomical and experimental studies. 3. N.I. Pirogov – the founder of the creation of a dual discipline of operative surgery and topographic-tion of the anatomy. 4. National school of operative surgery and topographic anatomy (I. F. Bush, and A. A. Bobrov, N. N. Burdenko, A. A. Vishnevsky, B. V. Ognev, G. E. Ostroverkhov, V. V. Kovanov, Yu. M. Lopukhin, etc.). 5. The Doctrine Of V. N. Shevkunenko about age and individual anatomical variability of organs and systems. The main provisions and importance. 6. Soft skeleton man and its clinical importance (I. P. Matushenkov, N. I. Pirogov, P. F. Lesgaft, V. V. Kovanov, T. I. Anikina, I. D. Kirpatovsky, I. F. Matyushin etc.) 7. Topografo-anatomic substantiation of ways of distribution of purulent processes (V. F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, V. I. Struchkov, V. K. Gostishchev, etc.). 8. Topographic-anatomical rationale for surgical approaches. N.N. Burdenko triad. 9. Topographic and surgical anatomy of the axillary region. 10. Topographic and surgical anatomy of the subclavian region. 11. Topographic and surgical anatomy of the deltoid and scapular regions. 12. Topographic and surgical anatomy of the shoulder area. 13. Clinical anatomy of the shoulder joint. 14. Topographic and surgical anatomy of the elbow region. 15. Clinical anatomy of the elbow joint. 16. Topographic and surgical anatomy of the forearm. 17. Topographic and surgical anatomy of the wrist. 18. Topographic and surgical anatomy of the palm and back of the hand. 19. Topographic and surgical anatomy of fingers. 20. Topographic and surgical anatomy of the gluteal region. 21. Topographic and surgical anatomy of the hip joint. 22. Topographic and surgical anatomy of the femoral triangle. 23. Topographic and surgical anatomy of the adductor canal and the posterior thigh area. 24. Topographic and surgical anatomy of the femoral canal. 25. Topographic and surgical anatomy of the knee region. Popliteal fossa 26. Topographic and surgical anatomy of the knee joint. 27. Topographic and surgical anatomy of the shin area. 28. Topographic and surgical anatomy of the areas of the ankle joint. 29. Topographic and surgical anatomy of the foot. 30. Collateral circulation of the upper limb. 31. Collateral circulation of the lower limb. 32. Surgical and topographical anatomy of fronto-parieto-occipital region. 33. Topographic and surgical anatomy of the temporal region. 34. Topographic and surgical anatomy of the mastoid process. 35. Topographic and surgical anatomy of cheek region. 36. Topographic and surgical anatomy of the parotid-masticatory region. 37. Surgical and topographical anatomy of deep face region. Pterygoideotemporalis and Interpterygoideus spaces. Peripharyngeal and Retropharyngeal cellular spaces. 38. Topographic and surgical anatomy of the skull base. 39. Clinical anatomy of the meninges of the brain. Intermeningeal spaces. Cerebrospinal fluid system. The sinuses of the dura mater. 40. Cranio-cerebral topography. The projection on the surface of the cranial vault and the major blood vessels fissures large hemispheres of the brain. Scheme of Kronlein and Kronlein-Brussova. 41. Surgical anatomy of the fascia and cellular spaces of the neck. 42. Topographic anatomy podvodnogo and submandibular triangles of the neck. N.I.Pirogov triangle. 43. Topographic anatomy of the carotid triangle. The neurovascular bundle of the neck. 44. Topographical anatomy sternocleidomastoid region. 45. Topographic anatomy of the lateral triangle of the neck. Interscalene and prescalene spaces. 46. Clinical anatomy of the thyroid gland. 47. Clinical anatomy of the pharynx and the cervical esophagus. 48. Clinical anatomy of larynx and cervical trachea. 49. Clinical anatomy of the chest wall (borders, external landmarks, projection of the bodies). 50. Surgical anatomy of the intercostal space.
51. Clinical anatomy of the breast. 52. Clinical anatomy of the diaphragm. 53. Clinical anatomy of the pleura. 54. Clinical and surgical anatomy of the lungs. Syntopy components of the root of the right and left lung. 55. Clinical and surgical aspects of segmental structure of the lungs. 56. Clinical and surgical anatomy of the organs of anterior mediastinum. 57. Clinical and surgical anatomy of the organs of the posterior mediastinum. 58. Clinical and surgical anatomy of the heart. 59. Clinical and surgical anatomy of the pericardium. 60. Clinical and surgical anatomy of the esophagus. 61. Clinical and surgical anatomy of major congenital heart defects. 62. Clinical anatomy of acquired heart disease. 63. Clinical anatomy of the anterolateral abdominal wall: the division in the region, the projection bodies. 64. Surgical anatomy of the anterolateral abdominal wall (layer-by-layer structure, neurovascular of education). 65. Surgical anatomy of the white line of the abdomen and the umbilical ring. 66. Surgical anatomy of the iliac groin. The inguinal canal. 67. Surgical anatomy of hernias of the white line of the abdomen and umbilical hernia. 68. Surgical anatomy of femoral hernia. 69. Surgical anatomy of sliding and strangulated hernias. 70. Surgical anatomy of oblique and direct inguinal hernias. 71. Topographic and surgical anatomy of the abdominal cavity. 72. Surgical anatomy of the upper floor of the peritoneal cavity and its structures. 73. Surgical anatomy of the lower floor of the peritoneal cavity and its structures. 74. The concept of intraluminal and intracavitary clinical and surgical anatomy of the internal organs. 75. Surgical anatomy of the operated stomach. 76. Clinical and surgical anatomy of the stomach. 77. Clinical and surgical anatomy of the spleen. 78. Clinical and surgical anatomy of the liver. 79. Clinical and surgical aspects of segmental structure of the liver. 80. Clinical and surgical anatomy of the gallbladder and biliary tract external. Calot triangle. 81. Clinical and surgical anatomy of the duodenum. 82. Clinical and surgical anatomy of the pancreas. 83. Clinical and surgical anatomy cavacaval and portocaval shunts. 84. Clinical and surgical anatomy of the mesenteric small intestine. 85. Clinical and surgical anatomy of the colon. 86. Surgical anatomy of the ileocecal angle. Variants of position of the vermiform appendix. Meckel diverticulum. 87. Surgical anatomy of the posterolateral abdominal wall (layers, weak sites). 88. Clinical and surgical anatomy of the spine. 89. Clinical and surgical anatomy of the spinal cord. 90. Clinical and surgical anatomy of the retroperitoneum. 91. Surgical anatomy of the fascia and cellular spaces of the retroperitoneal space. 92. Clinical anatomy of kidneys, adrenal glands and ureters. 93. Topographic and surgical anatomy of the pelvic floors. 94. Surgical anatomy of the fascia and cellular spaces of the pelvis. 95. Surgical anatomy of the female pelvis. 96. Surgical anatomy of the uterus and its appendages. 97. Surgical anatomy of the male organs of the pelvis. 98. Surgical anatomy of the bladder and rectum. 99. Surgical anatomy of the female perineum and external genitalia. 100. Surgical anatomy of male perineum and external genitalia.
OPERATIVE SURGERY
1. The subject of operative surgery. The doctrine of the transactions. The types and main stages of operations, requirements to them. Experimental surgery (I. P. Pavlov, V. P. Demikhov, Y. M. Lopukhin, etc.) 2. Surgical instruments, their classification. Suture material. The nodes in surgery. 3. The rules and methods of separation and connection of tissues. Types of stitches. Surgical treatment of wounds. 4. Venepunction and venesection. Puncture and catheterization of subclavian vein according to Seldinger. Cannulation of the umbilical vein. The basic principles of operations for varicose veins of the extremities. 5. Methods of temporary and final stop bleeding. Ligation of the main arteries along of the the length. Intraarterial perfusion of blood. 6. Topical problems of modern Transplantology. The transplant surgery. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. 7. Vascular suture, its types (N. V. Eck, A. Carrel, V. Horsley etc.). The basic requirements for vascular suture. 8. Direct and circuitous access to the main arteries of the limbs. Plastic and prosthetic arteries. X-ray endovascular surgery. 9. Variety and technique of tendon suture (Cuneo, Kazakov, Веnnеl). Requirements for a tendon suture. Tenotomy, tenoplasty. 10. Peripheral nerve surgery. Requirements for the seam of the nerve and its types. The neurolysis. Transplantation of the nerve. 11. Amputation of limbs. General principles of amputations. 12. The types of amputations. Methods amputations. Vicious stump. 13. Microsurgery. Replantation of limbs. 14. Topografo-anatomic substantiation of rational cuts at phlegmons of the extremities and panaracer. 15. Puncture and arthrotomy of large joints of the extremities. The basic principles of resection of joints. Arthro-plasty. Arthrodesis, arthrorisis and endoprosthetics of joints. 16. Osteotomy, its types. Resection of the bone and its types. Surgery for osteomyelitis. 17. Plate (extramedullary) and intraosseous (intramedullary) osteosynthesis. 18. Skeletal traction. In perosseous osteosynthesis. The use of compression-distraction of Ilizarov, Volkov-Ogannisyan, Gudushauri etc. apparatus. Rod apparatus. 19. Features of primary surgical treatment of wounds and incisions at phlegmon of the head and neck. 20. Resection and osteoplastic trepanation of the skull. 21. The principles of trepanation of the mastoid process (antrotomy). 22. Exposure and ligation of the carotid arteries. Vagosimpatic cervical blockade. 23. Tracheostomy and its types. The principles of O. V. Nikolaev resection of the thyroid gland. 24. Topographic-anatomic substantiation of the incision with purulent mastitis. Modern methods of Operations in breast cancer. 25. Thoracotomy and its types. Thoracocentesis (Puncture of the pleura and pericardium). 26. Accesses to the lungs. Surgical intervention with penetrating wounds of the chest and pneumothorax. The basic principles of operations on the lungs (pulmon-, lobe - and segmentectomy). 27. Cardiac surgery. (A. N. Bakulev, V. I. Burakovsky, B. V. Petrovsky, V. I. Shumakov, M. DeBakey, etc.). The concept of extracorporeal circulation. Accesses to the heart. Surgery for coronary heart disease. Suture of wounds of the heart. 28. Principles of operations in certain congenital and acquired heart defects. 29. Accesses to the esophagus, resection of the esophagus. The methods of esophagoplasty are shown. 30. Laparotomy, its types. Puncture of the abdomen (laparocentesis). Laparoscopy. 31. Mini-invasive surgery. Endoscopic surgery. Equipment and instrumentation. 32. The main steps of operations for hernias of the anterolateral abdominal wall. Classic and modern-agreed forms the hernial orifice plasty at inguinal hernias. 33. Operations for umbilical and femoral hernias. Features of herniotomy in strangulated and sliding hernias. 34. Intestinal suture and its types, requirements to them. Ways of applying manual and mechanical intestinal suture. 35. Suturing perforated stomach ulcer. The use of gastric serous-muscular flap on sosudy-stop leg as a plastic material (V. G. Valter, etc.). Gastrostomy, its types. Gastrointestinal anastomosis (gastroenteroanastomosis). 36. The main stages of stomach resection by Billroth-I and Billroth-II, their modifications. 37. The principles of stem, and selective proximal vagotomy. Pyloroplasty. 38. Accesses to the pancreas and the basic operations on it. 39. The accesses to the gall bladder. Cholecystostomy and cholecystectomy. 40. The seam of the liver and its types. The use of different plastic materials in Surgical Hepatology. The concept of anatomical and atypical liver resections. 41. Biliodigestive anastomoses. Principles of operations in portal hypertension. 42. Resection of the small and large intestines. The types of intestinal anastomoses. 43. Appendectomy. Surgical accesses. Methods of removal of the vermiform appendix. 44. Spinal tap. Laminectomy. The basic principles of spine surgery. 45. Accesses to the kidneys and the ureters. Paranephral blockade. Nephrectomy. Nephropexy. Pyelotomy. Ureterostomy. 46. Puncture of the bladder. Cystotomy and cystostomy. Methods of drainage of the cellular spaces of the pelvis when phlegmons. 47. Shkolnikov – Selivanov Intrapelvical blockade. Blockade of the spermatic cord and the pudendal nerve. 48. Puncture the posterior fornix of the vagina. Surgery for ectopic pregnancy. 49. Surgical andrology (I. D. Kirpatovskiy). Surgery of hydrocele, phimosis, paraphimosis. Of traditional and modern methods of prostatectomy. 50. Radical and palliative operations for cancer of the rectum. Maydl unnatural anus. Surgery for anal fistula and anorectal abscess.
Questions reviewed and approved at the educational-methodical meeting of the Department 29 September 2014.
Head of Department, Professor S. A. Zurnadzhan
PRACTICAL SKILLS (FOR STUDENTS OF CURATIVE, PEDIATRIC faculty AND FFS)
1. To gain tools for separating soft tissues. 2. To gain tools for connecting soft tissue. 3. To gain tools for osteotomy. 4. Gain tools to sequestrectomy. 5. To gain tools for skeletal traction 6. To gain tools for intraosseous (intramedullary) osteosynthesis. 7. To gain tools for plate (extramedullary) of the osteosynthesis. 8. To gain the tools for amputation. 9. To gain tools for osteoplastic resection and the craniotomy. 10. To gain tools for tracheostomy. 11. To gain tools for thoracotomy resection of rib and operations on the lungs. 12. Gain tools to suture vascular and heart surgeries. 13. To gain tools for laparotomy and liver surgery, bile duct. 14. To gain tools for intestinal suture. 15. To gain tools for operations on the kidneys and bladder. 16. Gain tools to puncture the cavity, laparoscopy and thoracocentesis. 17. Apply a simple nodal seam. 18. Nodular impose u-shaped seam. 19. Impose a continuous seam. 20. To impose continuous blanket seam. 21. Simple to tie, sea, and double surgical knots. 22. Using the scheme of Kronlein (Kronlein-Brussova) show the skull projection of the main vessels and major fissures of the brain. 23. To designate a point traction on the limbs. 24. Using external landmarks to mark the point for external drainage of the thoracic limfatic duct. 25. Using external landmarks to designate the projection line of the axillary artery. 26. Using external landmarks to designate the projection line of brachial artery. 27. Using external landmarks to designate the projection line of the radial artery. 28. Using external landmarks to designate the projection line of the ulnar artery. 29. Using external landmarks to designate the projection line of femoral artery. 30. Using external landmarks to designate the projection line of the popliteal artery. 31. Using external landmarks to designate the projection line of the anterior tibial artery. 32. Using external landmarks to designate the projection line of the common carotid artery 33. Using external benchmarks to indicate the point of puncture of the rib-diaphragmatic sinus. 34. Using external benchmarks to indicate the point of puncture of the pericardium, Larrey. 35. Using external benchmarks to indicate the point of puncture of the abdominal cavity. 36. Using external landmarks to specify the points of puncture of the shoulder joint. 37. Using external benchmarks to indicate the point of puncture of the hip joint. 38. Using external landmarks to specify the points of puncture of the knee joint. 39. Using external landmarks to mark the line of incision if assertequal phalanges. 40. Using external landmarks to mark the line of the incision at the opening subcutaneous felon. 41. Using external landmarks to mark the line of the slits at the opening of tenosynovitis. 42. Using external landmarks to mark the line of the slits at the opening of phlegmons of a brush. 43. Using external landmarks to mark the line of the slits at the opening of the phlegmon of the foot. 44. Using external landmarks to identify the point of blockade of round ligament of liver and umbilical vein cannulation. 45. Using external landmarks to mark the point of puncture of the subclavian vein according to Seldinger. 46. Using external landmarks to mark the point of puncture of the bladder. 47. Using external landmarks to mark the point for vagosimpatic blockade. 48. Using external landmarks to mark the point for paranephral blockade. 49. Using external landmarks to mark the point for the spinal puncture. 50. Using external landmarks to mark the point for the blockade of the spermatic cord.
Questions reviewed and approved at the educational-methodical meeting of the Department 29 September 2014.
Head of Department, Professor S. A. Zurnadzhan
Начало формы
Конец формы