
- •Outline
- •DNA binding and Salt screening
- •De-screening at High Frequencies
- •Screening is frequency dependent
- •Screening is frequency dependent
- •Why is the critical frequency?
- •Strategy of high frequency descreening
- •Outline
- •Recall: Nernst Limit of an ISFET
- •Amplification with Double-gate FET
- •Experimental demonstration for DGFET
- •Amplification by a NP-NW Sensors
- •Signal to Noise Ratio in a pH amplifier
- •Signal to Noise Ratio in a pH-Amplifier
- •Conclusions

Recall: Nernst Limit of an ISFET
I |
D |
Q |
=Q+ −Q− = f |
[H |
+] |
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{ |
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[H |
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]B e |
−q(ψ0 −VFG )/kBT |
[H |
+ |
]B |
≡e |
−2.303 pH |
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= e |
−2.303 pH −q(ψ0 −VFG )/kBT |
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ID1 Qs1 ~ f (x1) x1 = e |
−2.303 pH1 −q(ψ01−VFG1)/kBT |
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ID2 Qs2 ~ f (x2 ) x2 = e |
−2.303 pH2 −q(ψ02 −VFG 2 )/kBT |
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ID1 = ID2 |
ψ0,1 |
=ψ0,2 |
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VG ≈ 2.303(kBT /q)ΔpH.
VG ΔpH =59mV / pH
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H+ |
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H+ |
H+ |
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OH |
O ̶ OH2+ |
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ox |
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Si |
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IDS |
pH |
pH’ |
∆VT
VFG
Alam, Principles of Nanobiosensors, 2013 |
10 |

Amplification with Double-gate FET
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∆ID,top = μ1Ctox (W L)1 VDS ,1 |
VG,1 |
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VG,1 |
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ID,bot = μ1Cbox (W L)1 VDS ,1 |
VG,2 |
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∆ID = ∆ID,top +∆ID,bot = 0 |
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VG,1 |
ΔpH =59mV / pH |
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VG,2 |
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∆VG,2 |
=59 |
mV |
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C |
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× |
tox |
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∆pH |
pH |
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Cbox |
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Alam, Principles of Nanobiosensors, 2013 |
11 |

Experimental demonstration for DGFET
∆VG,2 |
=59 |
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C |
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=59 |
mV T |
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tox |
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box |
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∆pH |
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pH Cbox |
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pH |
Ttox |
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1 |
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tbox 50nm |
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0.8 |
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tbox 100nm |
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BG |
0.6 |
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tbox 150nm |
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T, |
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250 |
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∆ V |
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0.4 |
) |
200 |
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p |
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H |
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0.2 |
/ |
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V |
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m |
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50 |
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150 |
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tbox (nm) |
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2 |
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pH |
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Equivalent to changing the top gate bias
Alam, Principles of Nanobiosensors, 2013 |
12 |

Amplification by a NP-NW Sensors
Accumulation mode operation
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∆ID,1 = μ1COX ,1 (W L)1 VDS ,1 |
VG,1 |
∆ID = ∆ID,1 +∆ID,2 = 0 |
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ID,2 = μ2COX ,2 (W L)2 VDS ,2 VG,2 |
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VG,2 |
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μ1 |
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(W L)1 |
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VDS ,1 |
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COX ,1 |
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μ |
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(W L) |
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C |
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G,1 |
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DS ,2 |
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OX ,2 |
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∆VG,2 |
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∆V G,1 |
×α |
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× |
COX ,1 |
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GN |
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∆pH |
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∆pH |
COX ,2 |
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∆V NP−NW |
=59 |
mV |
COX ,1 |
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G |
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α |
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∆pH |
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dec |
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GN |
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COX ,2 |
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13