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A short history of nanobiosensors

Virus/bacteria

Protein/DNA

PCR

 

 

 

 

pH-meter

Glucose

Genome

 

 

sequencers

Vacuum

MOSFET

IC

tube

 

 

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Alam, Principles of Nanobisoensors, 2013

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Impressive integration of nanotechnology and biosensors

Sanger method (1990s)

Babbage computer (~1830s)

Ion-torrent system (2011)

Intel Chip Today

Alam, Principles of Nanobisoensors, 2013

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Why does it matter: Personalized medicine

chromosome

base

A (Adenine) – T (Thymine) or

pairs

C (Cytosine) – G (Guanine)

Length of Genome

~9,700 (HIV)

~4,600,000 (E. Coli)

~3,200,000,000 (Human)

Human genome sequencing is indispensable in personalized medicine.

‘More than Moore’ Technologies: Integrating sensors with mobile devices

Alam, Principles of Nanobisoensors, 2013

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