- •Text law
- •I. Learn the words to read and translate the text.
- •II. Read the text once again and decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •III. Match each word or phrase in column a with a meaning in column b.
- •The Russian Sestem of Law
- •1. Scan the text in order to match these words and phrases with their definitions below.
- •2. Read the text in detail to find the answers to the 10 "What"-questions below.
- •3. Word study. Find adjectives in the text related to these nouns:
- •4. Find nouns in the text related to these verbs:
- •5. Match these words & phrases with their Russian equivalents.
- •The Legal System in uk and usa
- •Judicial system
- •I. Learn the words to read and translate the text.
- •II. Match the synonyms:
- •III. Match each word or phrase in column a with a meaning in column b.
- •IV. Answer the questions.
- •Judicial Institutions
- •I. Learn the words to read and translate the text.
- •II. Scan the text to find the answers to the questions:
- •IV. Here are some dictionary definitions of words. Name the jobs.
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •Courts in Russia
- •Courts in uk
- •Courts in usa
- •Types of Legal Professions in uk
- •What is a crime?
- •Classification of Offences
- •Civil and Criminal Penalties
Courts in uk
Justice of the Peace = Magistrate - судья, мировой судья
Crown Court - Суд короны (уголовное отделение Высокого суда правосудия)
High Court (of Justice) - Высокий суд (правосудия) (входит в состав Верховного суда в Великобритании)
Court of Appeal - апелляционный суд
lay justice - мировая юстиция
sheriff - шериф Административно-судебное должностное лицо округа [county ], начальник окружного полицейского управления, выборное лицо, срок полномочий 2-4 года
High Court of Justiciary - Суд юстициария, Высший уголовный суд (в Шотландии)
justiciary [ʤʌs′tiʃəri] 1) судейский чиновник; 2) уголовный суд
Court of Session - Сессионный суд (верховный гражданский суд Шотландии = высший гражданский суд Шотландии)
European Court of Justice ECJ - Европейский суд (рассматривает дела о нарушении законов Европейского сообщества)
petition - петиция; прошение, ходатайство
European Court of Human Rights (the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg) Европейский международный суд по правам человека (находится в г. Страсбург, Франция)
juvenile court - суд по делам несовершеннолетних
administrative tribunal - орган административной юстиции; административный трибунал (ООН)
The lowest court in England and Wales is the Magistrates' Court.
The Magistrates' Court judges minor cases and passes more serious cases to higher courts. In the Magistrates' Court there three magistrates called 'Justices of the Peace’. They are specially trained members of the public.
The more serious cases are heard in the Crown Court by a judge and a jury. Minor civil cases such as divorce and bankruptcy are dealt with in County courts.
More serious civil cases are heard in the High Court of Justice.
Appeals against decisions from the Crown Court or the High Court go to the Court of Appeal. When a question of law is in doubt the case is passed to the House of Lords. The House of Lords is the highest court of appeal in England and Wales.
In Scotland criminal cases are heard in district courts by members of the public called lay justices. More serious cases go to regional sheriff courts and are heard by the sheriff and a jury. Appeals go to the High Court of Justiciary in Edinburgh. Civil cases begin in the sheriff court and may go on appeal to the Court of Session.
Certain cases may be referred to the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg. Some individuals have made the British Government change its practices in a number of areas as a result of petitions to the European Court of Human Rights.
The legal system also includes juvenile courts. They deal with offenders under seventeen. There are coroners' courts. They investigate violent, sudden or unnatural deaths. There are administrative tribunals which make quick, cheap and fair decisions with much less formality. Tribunals deal with professional standards, disputes between individuals, and disputes between individuals and government departments (for example, over taxation).
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