Key To Success:
By the way, there is a key to success: practice. No one ever learned to write by reading essays like this. Instead, you need to practice, practice, practice. Every day.
We leave you with the following ideas to mull over.
1. What tips have you found useful?
2. What important tips are left in the text?
3. What things have you done before you read the text? Are you going to continue doing them in your own way?
4. What point(s) do you disagree with?
Insert the words:
-
communicate
field
claims
interesting
first
example
ants
research
questions
connections
slowly
Turn Interests into Questions
Many dissertations begin as a simple desire to know more about an__________ topic. Make a note of all different topics in your__________ that interest you, starting with the ones that inspired you to enter the field in the __________place. For____________, famed biologist EO Wilson ___________that when he was a boy he loved to collect _________in his backyard. This juvenile interest eventually caused Wilson to wonder how ants ________________with each other. This simple question prompted Wilson's dissertation____________ at Harvard which led to him discovering that ants communicate using pheromones. When you write freely on these topics, asking_____________ and making____________, you can _________but surely winnow down your thinking from general interest to specific research program.
Unit 5 computer technologies
In doing research
5.1 Read the text to find out the information about the role of computers in a scientific research and answer the questions below: role of computers in research
C
omputers
have always assisted to solve the problems faced by the mankind.
Since the time of invention, the size of the computers has
drastically reduced from that of a room to that can be accommodated
in a human palm. The word «computer»
means “Something which computes or a machine for performing
calculations automatically”. But, today computer means not merely a
“calculator”. It does vast variety of jobs with tremendous speed
and efficiency. Today people use computers in almost every walk of
life. Computers have become a subject of study at schools. Electronic
computers have become an indispensible part of every profession: so
do research.
A computer has three basic components. They are: an input device (keyboard and mouse); a central processing unit (CPU) and an output device (monitor and/or printer).
Important characteristics of a computer:
Speed: computers can perform calculations in just a few seconds than a human being would need weeks to do.
Storage: end number of data can be stored in the computer and retrieved when needed. Whereas a human mind can remember limited information and unimportant data can be forgot sometimes.
Accuracy: the computer’s accuracy is consistently high. Almost without exceptions, the errors in computing are due to human rather than to technological weakness, i.e. due to imprecise thinking by the programmer or due to inaccurate data or due to poorly designed system.
Automation: the computer programmes are automatic in nature. Individual instructions to perform which programme is needed sometimes.
Diligence: being a machine computer does not suffer from human traits of tiredness and lack of concentration. A computer can perform n number or calculations continuously with the same accuracy and speed.
Computers in Research
The computers are indispensible throughout the research process. The role of computer becomes more important when the research is on a large sample. Data can be stored in computers for immediate use or can be stored in auxiliary memories like floppy discs (practically never used nowadays), compact discs, universal serial buses (pen drives) or memory cards, so that the same can be retrieved later. The computers assist the researcher throughout different phases of research process.
Phases of Research Process
There are five major phases of research process. They are:
Conceptual phase
Design and planning phase
Empirical phase
Analytical phase
Dissemination phase