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  1. Complete the text about developments in radio and television. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form, Past Simple or Present Perfect.

In just over a hundred years, radio has developed into a major form of entertainment and communication. Marconi invented a wireless telegraph system in 1896. This was the birth of radio. Voice transmission started in 1909 following the invention of the valve. Semiconductors made it possible to develop much smaller, portable radios. The introduction in recent years of digital radios has allowed us to enjoy much better sound quality.

There have been many changes in television too. In the UK, the BBC started daily TV broadcasts in 1936. Colour broadcasts began in the late 1960s. Since the 1970s satellite broadcasting has allowed viewers a wider choice of programmes. The recent introduction of digital TV meant better picture and sound quality. Manufacturers have now developed entertainment systems which include television, radio, DVD recorder/ player, and computer. The Internet made it possible to enjoy radio and television from around the world on our PCs.

  1. Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the italicized words. Define the part of speech of the italicized form.

  1. The air is a mixture of gases. – Воздух – это смесь газов. (noun)

  2. Air the room, please. – Проветри комнату, пожалуйста. (verb)

  3. A long glass tube is filled with mercury. – Длинная стеклянная трубка наполнена ртутью. (adjective)

  4. The broken glass must be removed. – Следует убрать разбитое стекло. (noun)

  5. The mercury in the tube drops. – Ртуть в трубке капает. (verb)

  6. The drops of water shine with different colours. – Капли воды переливаются разными цветами.(noun)

  7. Medical care is free in this country. – Медицинская помощь бесплатна в этой стране.(noun, adjective)

  8. He set the bird free. – Он отпустил птицу. (adjective)

  9. I don’t care. – Мне все равно.(verb)

  10. A dark cloud is a sign of rain. – Черная туча – признак дождя.(noun)

  11. Sign your name. – Напишите ваше имя.(verb)

  12. Changes of barometric pressure predict the weather. – Изменения атмосферного давления говорят об изменении погоды.(noun)

  13. Do you think the weather will change? – Как ты думаешь, погода изменится?(verb)

  14. You may have a change at Rostov. – Вы можете сделать пересадку в Ростове.(noun)

  1. Add the appropriate modal may, should, must, or shall to the blanks.

  1. Researchers concluded that gas stoves may be used without adequate ventilation.

  2. Cold box temperatures in the specified refrigeration unit must be between -40℉ and -80℉.

  3. For an exact description of the cost calculations, the reader should consult the appendix.

  4. Metallic sodium must not be allowed to come into contact with water; otherwise it will react violently.

  5. The contrast at any point on the screen may be identified as the ratio of the fractional change in illumination to the general illumination.

  6. It should be noted that the deflection of the light ray is a measure of the average density gradient over the X coordinate.

  7. Vertical bracing must be so arranged that the entire width of all walkway area have a minimum clear vertical opening of 7 feet.