5. Fill in the blanks with since or for.

1. The antibiotic penicillin has been available since 1938.

2. Life on earth has existed for appropriately 3.5 billion years.

3. The Atomic Age has existed since the first atom bomb test on July 16, 1945, at 5:30 a.m.

4. The hydrogen fuel supply of the sun will last for another 5 billion years.

5. The elm tree population of the world has greatly diminished since the Dutch elm disease appeared.

6. The “Big Bang” theory states that the universe has existed since its explosive beginning 15 billion years ago.

7. The disintegration of uranium 235 continues for billion of years.

8. Mount St. Helens, which became active in 1980, had not erupted for 127 years.

9. The subject’s heart rate has been abnormal since yesterday.

10. The Age of Reptiles lasted for 135 million years.

Unit 5. Technical drawing and computer-aided design

1. Reading, vocabulary, writing

1. Read the text and choose the correct answers to questions 1-4 below.

1. What is the text about? – a) computer assisted design

2. What is paragraph A about? – a) the history and future of CAD systems

3. What is paragraph B a list of? – b) the advantages of using computers in design

4. What does paragraph C describe? – b) how CAD is used in designing homes

2. Read the text again and find the English equivalents to the following words and expressions:

1. Чертежи – drawings

2. Вручную – by hand

3. Обеспечивали ясность проекта – provided clear technical information

4. Дорогостоящий – expensive to make

5. Зеркальные отражения – symmetrical images

6. Составные части – components

7. Преимущества – advantages

8. Экспериментировать с – to experiment with

9. Подбор мебели и цвета – arrangements of furniture and colours

3. Read paragraph B again. Match each point (1-6) in the text with a benefit from the list (a-d) below:

1. You can draw 50%, then make a mirror image – make symmetrical images of components;

2. You don’t waste time drawing things again and again – keep an electronic library of standard parts; make drawings bigger or smaller;

3. You make fewer mistakes – make accurate and consistent drawings; save, change and recycle the drawings;

4. You see the finished shape in 3D – make 3D images.

4. Complete the definitions (1-8) below with the highlighted words in the text.

1. ‘Symmetrical image’ means having two halves the same shape and size.

2. ‘Hand-drawn’ means made by a person.

3. ‘To recycle’ means to use something again.

4. ‘A viewer’ is a person looking at something.

5. ‘Accurate’ means correct in every detail, with no mistakes.

6. ‘Images’ are pictures or drawings.

7. ‘An architect’ is a person who designs buildings.

8. ‘Standard’ means always the same.

5. Match the words with their definitions.

1. To do something with objects in order to use them again; we do this with plastic bottles, cans, etc. – to recycle;

2. Art of representing objects by lines with a pencil, chalk, etc. – drawing;

3. Mental picture or idea created in your mind; a copy or a picture of a person – image;

4. To keep something safe (ex. money, information, reputation) – to save;

5. Everything you need for a particular purpose, job, task (ex. Modern, office, medical, engineering) – equipment;

6. A part of your body at the end of your arm which has 5 fingers – hand;

7. To give something to somebody physically or virtually (ex. The answer, a solution) – to provide;

8. A big flat board to which a paper is fixed on which a drawing is made – drawing board;

9. Pluses of something over something – advantage;

10. A person who creates images, drawings – architect;

11. A person who designs buildings – designer;

12. When two halves (parts) of an object are the same size and shape – symmetrical;

13. A person who is looking at something or watching something – a viewer.