5) Составьте план текста “Key Economic Terms: Banks”, используя ключевые фразы. Вариант 4

1) Переведите следующие предложения с английского языка на русский:

1. In 1958, an economist from New Zealand, A.W.H. Phillips (1914-75), proposed that there was a trade-off between inflation and unemployment: the lower the unemployment rate, the higher was the rate of inflation.

2. Externalities are costs or benefits arising from an economic activity that affect somebody other than the people engaged in the economic activity and are not reflected fully in prices.

3. Over the years, economists and politicians have often changed their minds about whether it is a good idea to try to hold a country's exchange rate steady, rather than let it be decided by market forces.

4. Until late 2001, Enron, an energy company turned financial powerhouse based in Houston, Texas, had been one of the most admired firms in the United States and the world.

5. A central bank sets short-term interest rates and oversees the health of the financial system, including by acting as lender of last resort to commercial banks that get into financial difficulties.

6. So companies that own the brands have an immense incentive to work to retain that trust.

2) Переведите следующие предложения с русского языка на английский:

1. Мы прекрасно знаем потребности бизнеса в данном секторе и готовы использовать наш международный опыт и уникальные знания в интересах наших клиентов.

2. Наши специалисты предлагают интегрированные решения по повышению организационной и финансовой эффективности предприятий нефтегазовой, горнодобывающей и энергетической отраслей промышленности.

3. Коммерческая организация – организация, имеющая основной целью своей деятельности извлечение прибыли.

4. Фирма может состоять из одного человека или нескольких человек и обслуживать жителей небольшого района или города.

5. Бизнес-план – это документ, который описывает все аспекты будущего предприятия, анализирует все проблемы, с которыми оно может столкнуться, а также определяет способы решения этих проблем.

6. Бизнес-модель логически описывает, каким образом организация создает, поставляет клиентам и приобретает стоимость (экономическую, социальную, культурную и др.).

3) Вставьте подходящие по смыслу слова. Предложения переведите на русский язык:

a) profit (n); b) profitability; c) profitable; d) profitably

1. The company had not been operating … for some time.

2. Some of their energy projects are highly … .

3. They were buying securities and reselling them at a … .

4. Selling off assets should return the company to … .

4) Переведите текст на русский язык со словарем: Economic Sanctions

A way of punishing errant countries, which is currently more acceptable than bombing or invading them. One or more restrictions are imposed on international trade with the targeted country in order to persuade the target's government to change a policy. possible sanctions include limiting export or import trade with the target; constraining investment in the target; and preventing transfers of money involving citizens or the government of the target. Sanctions can be multilateral, with many countries acting together, perhaps under the auspices of the United Nations, or unilateral, when one country takes action on its own.

How effective sanctions are is debatable. According to one study, between 1914 and 1990 there were 116 occasions on which various countries imposed economic sanctions. Two-thirds of these failed to achieve their stated goals. The cost to the country imposing sanctions can be large, particularly when it is acting unilaterally. It is estimated that in 1995 imposing sanctions on other countries cost the American economy over $15 billion in lost exports and 200,000 in lost jobs in export industries.

Widely considered a notable success was the use of economic sanctions against the apartheid regime in South Africa, although some economists question how big a part the sanctions actually played. Clearly important was the fact that the sanctions were imposed multilaterally by the international community, so there were comparatively few breaches of the restrictions. But, arguably, the most crucial factor in persuading the government in Pretoria to cave in was that foreign companies fearing that their SHARE price would fall because their investments in South Africa would attract bad publicity voluntarily chose for commercial reasons to disinvest.