3.Read the text presented below and discuss pros and cons of the mining engineer occupation. Translate the text into Russian. What does a Mining Engineer do?

Mining engineers plan and direct the various engineering aspects of extracting minerals from the earth. They prepare initial plans for the type, size, location and construction of open pit or underground mines. The sorts of things that a mining engineer oversees at a mine might include:

• conduct investigations of mineral deposits and undertake evaluations in collaboration with geologists, other earth scientists and economists to determine whether the mineral deposits can be mined profitably

• prepare plans for mines, including tunnels and shafts for underground operations, and pits and haulage roads for open-cut operations, using computer-aided design packages

• prepare the layout of the mine development and the way the minerals are to be mined

• plan and coordinate the employment of mining staff and equipment with regard to efficiency, safety and environmental conditions

• consult with geologists and other engineers about the design, selection and provision of machines, facilities and systems for mining, as well as infrastructure such as access roads, water and power supplies

• operate computers to assist with calculations, prepare estimates on the cost of the operation and control expenditure when mines come into production

• oversee the construction of the mine and the installation of plant and equipment

• make sure that mining regulations are observed, including the proper use and care of explosives, and the correct ventilation to allow the removal of dust and gases

• conduct research aimed at improving efficiency and safety in mines

• establish first aid and emergency services facilities at the mines.

http://www.ausimm.com.au/content/docs/careers_booklet_miningeng.pdf

4.Read the following text and do the tasks after the text What about mining?

According to the basic definition, mining means extracting minerals from the earth. Materials that are usually extracted from the earth that way are base metals, uranium, iron, limestone, coal, rock salt, potash, diamonds and precious metals. These are all the materials that cannot be created in an artificial way nor can they be grown through agricultural process and that is the main reason why they are being obtained by mining. So, in a wider sense of word mining incorporates extraction of resource that are not renewable.

Stone mining, as well as metal mining have been discovered all the way back in pre-history. However, things have changed since then quite a bit. Mining process in a modern sense of word comprises prospecting the ore body, analysis of possible earnings from the exploitation of a certain mine, then the extraction of the targeted material and last – the recuperation of the land to make it suitable to use for something else once the mine has been closed. It is important to mention that mining processes can have a negative effect on the environment. The negative impact can happen during the mining process itself or it can come out on the surface years after the mining had been done. Those negative side effects of the mining industry have forced most countries in the world into adopting rules and regulations that are supposed to keep the negative effects of mining operations in moderation.

Underground hard rock mining refers to various underground mining techniques used to excavate hard minerals, mainly those containing metals such as ore containing gold, silver, iron, copper, zinc, nickel, tin and lead, but also involves using the same techniques for excavating ores of gems such as diamonds. In contrast soft rock mining refers to excavation of softer minerals such as salt, coal, or tar sands.

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