Закрепление грамматического материала Lesson 11

1. Adverbs (rule 1) – p. 145 (table № 1) ex. VI, VII p. 147, ex. X, XI p. 148 (in written form).

2. The use of articles with geographical names (rule 2) – ex. XVII p. 150 (orally),

ex. 75 p. 480 (in written form).

3. Закрепление правил чтения – ex. II p. 146 (in written form).

4. Закрепление лексического материала – ex. XXI, XXIII p. 151 (orally),

ex. XXIV p. 152 (in written form).

Повторение изученного ранее грамматического материала

1. Adjectives – ex. IX p. 148, ex. 76 p. 481, ex. 83, 84 p. 483 (in written form).

2. Types of questions – ex. XVI p. 150, ex. 72 p. 479 (in written form).

3. Prepositions – ex. XIII p. 149 (in written form).

4. Articles – ex. XIV p. 149(in written form).

5. Indirect statements and general questions – ex. XX p. 150 (in written form).

TEST-PAPER ON LESSON 11

1. Make up 4 types of questions:

1. Guests from all parts of the world come to Russia.

2. Mrs. Smith reads the "Morning Star".

2. Form adverbs from the following adjectives:

slow

good

comfortable

bad

easy

early

3. Write the degrees of comparison:

quickly

much

seriously

fast

well

4. Use the proper articles:

1. ... Great Britain is ... mighty capitalist country.

2. ... Volga is one of ... longest rivers in ... Europe.

3. .. Andes are mountains in ... South America.

4. In ...north of our country summer is short.

5. Translate into English:

1. Вы празднуете 1 Мая в вашей стране?

2. Разреши мне представить ?

3. Я говорю на одном иностранном языке.

4. Я предпочитаю говорить по-русски.

5. Я знаю английский гораздо лучшe, чем французский.

6. Она говорит пo-немецки довольно хорошо.

7. Что касается меня, я не понимаю таких вещей.

8. Моя собака понимает почти всё.

9. Ты бы хотел присоединиться к нам?

10. Мы хорошо проводим время.

11. Пошли!

t'i

Lesson Twelve (pp. 154-175)

Grammar

Lesson 12

Rule 1. Participle I

Infinitive	Past Indefinite	Participle II (past participle)	Participle I (present participle)
to stand	stood	stood	standing
to dance	danced	danced	dancing

Participle I - the fourth form of the verb (действительное причастие) is translated into Russian with the help of the suffixes -ущий, -ющий, -ящий, -вший

e.g. I 'm standing by the window, smoking the pipe.

My wife is sitting in an armchair, reading a book.

Spelling rules learn by heart p. 155

Rule 2. The Present Continuous Tense

(the present progressive tense)

The formation

It is formed by means of the auxiliary verb to be (in the present) and Participle I of the notional verb.

e.g. I'm coming. He is leaving now.

I'm just going.

The contracted forms are: I 'm, he's (she's, it's), we 're, (you 're, they 're).

In the interrogative form the auxiliary verb to be is placed before the subject.

Am I writing? Are we writing?

Are you writing? Are you writing?

Is he (she, it) writing? Are they writing?

e.g. Am I speaking to Diana? — Yes, you are. No, you are not.

Who(m) am 1 speaking to?

Who is speaking? - I am.

I'm speaking to Diana, aren't I?

The interrogative-negative forms are : isn’t; aren't.

e.g. Isn't she speaking? (Is she not speaking?)

In the negative form the negative particle not is placed after the auxiliary verb.

e.g. I am not speaking. |

The use

There are several meanings for the Present Continuous Tense:

1. The Present Continuous expresses an action in progress taking place at the moment of speaking (when in Russian we can say сейчас, теперь).

e.g. I’m looking at the photographs my brother sent me.

2. The Present Continuous expresses temporary continuing actions and events that are going on around now: before, during and after the moment of speaking. (They are not necessary in progress at the moment of speaking).

e.g. I'm going to a lot of parties these days.

I hope you are keeping a diary to record life in Moscow.

I usually work in Wembley, but I'm not working there now.

She's living in some village in Yorkshire.

Do you know if she's still playing tennis these days?

3. The Present Continuous is used to express an action planned in the nearest future.

e.g. Lucy's coming for a drink this evening.

I'm seeing Lary on Saturday.

When is he coming back?

4. The Present Continuous is used to express a repeated action with adverbs like always, continually,constantly when there is an element of exaggeration.

e.g. I'm always losing my keys.

I’m continually running into Paul these days.

I’m always doing things like that.

He's always talking at the lessons.

Some verbs are not usually used in the Continuous tense. They express physical or mental perception, feelings, also refer to appearance and possession:

a) to see, to hear, to smell, to taste;

b) to know, to understand, to think, to believe;

c) to feel, to love, to hate, to dislike, to admire;

d) look like, to resemble, to appear;

e) to belong, to contain, to include, to own, possess.

e.g. What do you want to do now?

Note: The verb to have is used in the Continuous tense only in combination with nouns, such as to have a lesson, to have a walk

. e.g. He is having a sleep now.

Rule 3. Special questions in indirect speech

Special questions in indirect speech become object clauses. The word order is direct, i.e. the subject precedes the predicate.

e.g. 'What's your name?' - He asks (me) what my name is.

What are you guys doing tonight? ' - He asks what we are doing tonight.

Rule 4. Imperative sentences in indirect speech

Imperative sentences in indirect speech become infinitive phrases. They are preceded by the verbs tell, order (in commands), ask (in requests), also advise etc. The hearer must be mentioned as the object of the verb.

e.g. 'Come to my place.' - He asks John to come to his place.

Don't wake me up.' - Johnson told her not to wake him up.

Rule 5. Articles

The use of articles with the names of meals

1. The group includes the following nouns: breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper, lea...

Names of meals are used without articles.

e.g. Lunch is from 11 till 1.30.

During dinner Andrew spoke to Mrs Smith.

He said for breakfast there would be fish, followed by a grill.

2. The definite article is used when these nouns designate food or a social gathering.

e.g. The dinner was excellent.

The dinner was a success.

3. The indefinite article is used when there is a descriptive attribute.

e.g. You can get a good supper here.

We must organize a little dinner to celebrate the event.

4. The noun work is never used with the indefinite article.

It was hard (new, interesting) work.

Rule 6. The ways of translating "ещё"

The Russian "ещё" is translated into English differently.

1. It means some additional quantity:

а) with singular countable nouns - another (ещё один) is used.

e.g. Another complaint is that shops don’t have many clothes for small women.

Could I have another cup of tea?

b) with plural countable nouns after a numeral or some the word more is used.

e.g. Show us three more models.

Give us some more eggs.

c) with uncountable nouns some more is used.

e.g. Let me give you some more coffee.

2. In special questions:

a) in the structure What+other+a noun it's translated какой ещё.

e.g. What other poem by Byron do you remember?

b) after other interrogative and indefinite pronouns else is used.

e.g. Who else is there to do it?

I mean something else.

He has nothing else left to believe in.

3. In negative sentences .yet is used.

e.g. He isn’t here yet.

4. To show that the action is going on or the subject continues being in the same state still is used (Russian всё ещё).

e.g. It's still raining. He's still angry.

Note: Yet is occasionally used in affirmative sentences (with a similar meaning to still) in a formal style.

e.g. We have yet to hear from the bank. (=We are still waiting to hear...)