Закрепление грамматического материала Lesson 10

1. The Present Indefinite Tense (rule 1) – p. 129-130 (table № 2), spelling rules p. 131, ex. IV p. 132, ex. XII (a) p. 134, ex. 58, 59, 61, 64 p. 474-476 (in written form).

2. General questions in indirect speech (rule 2) – ex. XXII p. 137 (in written form).

3. Indefinite and negative pronouns (rule 3) – ex. XVI p. 135 (in written form).

4. Articles (rule 4) – ex. 68 p.477-478 (in written form).

5. Закрепление правил чтения – ex. II, III p. 131-132 (in written form).

6. Закрепление лексического материала – ex. XIV p. 138, ex. 70 p. 478 (in written form).

Повторение изученного ранее грамматического материала

1. Numerals and dates – ex. XV p. 135 (in written form).

2. Types of questions – ex. XIII, XIV (a) p. 135, ex. X (a) p. 121, ex. 62 p. 476, ex. 67 p. 477 (in written form).

3. Prepositions – p. 129 (table № 1) ex. XVII p. 136 (in written form).

4. Articles – ex. XVIII p. 136, ex. 63 p. 476 (in written form).

5. Word order – ex. 65 p. 477(in written form), ex. 71 p. 479 (orally).

Все новые слова в грамматическом материале и упражнениях уметь читать, писать и знать перевод. Контрольная работа выполняется студентом и отсылается преподавателю на его почту.

TEST-PAPER ON LESSON10

1. Write the names of all the months and days of the week.

2. Make 4 types of questions:

1. All the members of our family, read the Times.

2. Andrew goes to bis girl-friend's оn Friday.

3. Write the sentences in indirect speech:

1. Mary asks: "Do you want to read it?"

2. John asks: "Does he remember about it?"

4. Write the verbs in the thirds person singular and transcribe them.

to come

to go

to play

to wash

to say

to carry

to know

to understand

5. Translate into English:

1. в семь тридцать часов

2. в понедельник

3. седьмого ноября

4. в январе

5. в 1941

6. весной

7. днём

8. в это утро

9. вчера вечером

10. завтра вечером

11. на прошлой неделе

12. в прошлом году

13. через полчаса

14. через полтора часа

6. Translate into English:

1. День.

2. Чем могу служить?

3. Она получает "Москоу Ньюз"? – Нет.

4. Вы хотели бы иметь её (газету)?

5.Она не помнит о таких вещах.

6. Она всегда забывает.

7. Вы должны идти туда прямо сейчас.

8. Вы должны платить за него вовремя.

9. Пока что достаточно.

10. Вы ведь попьёте с нами чаю?

11. Давай пойдем сюда.

Lesson Eleven (pp. 139-153)

Phonetics

Фонетические упражнения № 43 p. 139-140 and ex. III, Memory Work p. 146 (learn by heart) Требования к выполнению фонетических упражнений см. К уроку № 2.

Dialogue

Alex meets a group of foreign students

1. Прослушайте текст в записи и сделайте интонационную разметку текстa (Phonetic Notes p. 144-145). Ex. V p. 147.

Ex. IV p. 147 поможет Вам отработать наиболее сложные в звуковом и интонационном отношении места текстa.

2. Потренируйтесь читать текст за диктором (несколько раз).

3. Прочитайте текст без записи, обращая внимание на звуки и интонацию.

4. Выучите текст наизусть.

5. Переведите текст, используя Vocabulary Notes (p. 141).

6. Выучитe слова и выражения из Vocabulary Notes (p. 141 читать, писать, знать перевод), Topical Vocabulary (p. 141-144 читать, писать, знать перевод и уметь показывать на карте).

Grammar

1. Прочитайте правила, переведите, выучите материал и будьте готовы объяснять грамматические явления по-английски.

Lesson 11

Rule 1. Adverbs

c.f She is beautiful. (adjective)

She plays beautifully. (adverb)

Most adverbs are formed by adding the suffix - ly to adjectives.

e.g. lazy - lazily. She turned her neck lazily.

bad - badly. She writes French badly.

Walt Disney's stories end happily.

She was dressed very neatly.

That would do nicely.

This interests me greatly.

Listen carefully.

How did you get on? - Splendidly well.

Spelling rules

1. The final -y is changed into i before adding the suffix -ly.

e.g. happy - happily, easy - easily

Exceptions: shy - shyly, sly - slyly, coy – coyly

2. The mute e is not dropped.

e.g. nice - nicely, immense - immensely, complete - completely, polite - politely

Exceptions: true - truly, due - duly

3. -le changes to -ly after a consonant.

e.g. simple - simply, idle - idly, comfortable - comfortably, noble - nobly, able - ably.

Exception: whole - wholly.

4. The final -l is doubled.

e.g. cheerful - cheerfully

wonderful - wonderfully

The use

There are some other suffixes:

- ward(s), e.g. forward, homeward, southward.

• wise, e g. likewise, clockwise, otherwise

There are simple adverbs such as fast, late

Some adverbs have the same form as the corresponding adjectives:

1. fast, e.g. It's a fast train. He goes fast

2. slow, e.g. My watch is slow. Go slow.

3. early, e.g. It's an early bird. He comes home early.

4. late, e.g. It's late. He gets up late.

5. long, e.g. It s a long way. Stay as long as you like.

6. hard, e.g. It s a hard nut. She works hard.

7. far, e.g. It's far. She lives far.

8. low, e.g. He has a low voice. Speak low.

9. well, e.g. All is well. He behaves well.

10. quick, e.g. Be quick about it. Come quick

11. straight, e.g. It's a straight road. Stand straight.

Some pairs of adverbs have the same meaning.

e.g. slow=slowly, loud=loudly, quick=quickly, easy=easily.

Some pairs of adverbs are different in meaning:

1. hard - hardly

e.g. He works hard.

I can hardly hear you.

2. near - nearly

e.g. Come near.

It was nearly closing time.

3. close - closely

e.g. He lives close by.

Listen closely.

Some words ending in -ly are adjectives, and not normally adverbs. Common examples: costly, cowardly, deadly, friendly, likely, lively, lonely, lovely, silly, ugly, unlikely.

e.g. She gave me a friendly smile.

Her singing was lovely.

There are no adverbs friendly / friendily, lovely / lovelily etc.

e.g. She smiled in a friendly way. (NOT She smiledfriendly)

He gave a silly laugh. (NOT He laughed silly)

After the verbs feel, look, sound, smell, taste adjectives are used.

e.g. This tastes nice. What’s in it? (NOT ...tastes nicely)

You sound unhappy What's the matter?

Your idea sounds great.

The wine tastes funny.

I feel nervous today.

Her voice sounds attractive.

It smells good.

Note: to look well, to feel well

e g. She looks well.

Degrees of comparison

If an adverb is a word of one syllable the degrees are formed by adding -er and - est

e.g. fast - faster (than) - fastest (no article)

Adverbs ending in -ly form the degrees by means of more and most

e.g. wisely - more wisely - most wisely

beautifully - more beautifully - most beautifully

He spoke more wisely than the rest.

Some adverbs have irregular forms of comparison:

well -	better	best	little - less - least
badly -	worse	worst	far - farther (further) - farthest
much	more -	most	(furthest)

e.g. She works hardest when she's doing something for her family.

Which car goes fastest?

He always arrives when you least expect it.

They all talk a lot, but your little girl talks most.

We needn’t go further into the matter. Let's see who can do it quickest.

Rule 2. The use of articles with geographical names

The names of continents, countries, towns and villages are used without articles.

e.g. Africa, Central Africa, America, Latin America, London

but: the Antarctic, the USA, the Netherlands, the Crimea, the Caucases

Note: the town of Belgorod, the village of Ivanovka

The names of cardinal points, oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, chains of mountains are used with the definite article.

e.g. the North, the Far East, the Pacific ocean, the Baikal, the Urals

but: Lake Baikal (no article), Elbrus, Everest (the names of mountain peaks)

Additional Information

Articles with geographic names

§ 56. The following geographic names are used without any article;

1. names of continents:

Africa, Antarctica, America, Asia, Australia, Europe

Note. The Arctic and the Antarctic are used with the definite article as they denote the regions (the land arid the sea) round the north and south poles.

2. names of countries, counties, provinces, states:

France, Italy, Texas, Wisconsin, Devonshire, Scotland

Note I. Some names of countries, counties, etc. require the definite article; some other names can be used with or without the definite article:

the Argentine (b u t: Argentina), (the) Congo, (the) Lebanon, (the) Senegal, the Ruhr, the Saar, the Ukraine, the Crimea

Note 2. Names of states consisting of word groups are used with, the definite article:

the Soviet Union, the United States of America (the USA), the German Democratic Republic (the GDR)

3. names of cities, towns or villages:

London, New York, Stockport, Stratford-on-Avon

Note. The only exception is the Hague.

4. names of a) mountains and b) islands (but not names of mountain chains and groups of islands — see § 57):

a) Snowdon, Elbrus, Mount Everest, Etna

2. Cyprus, Man, Jersey, Java

5. names of lakes:

Lake Michigan, Lake Baikal, Silver Lake

6. names of waterfalls:

Niagara Falls, Victoria Fails

7. names of bays:

Hudson Bay

7. names of peninsulas and capes:

Hindustan, Labrador, Cape Horn

Note. If the noun peninsula is added, the definite article is used:

the Hindustan peninsula, the Balkan peninsula

§ 57. Other geographic names take the definite article. These are:

1. names of seas, oceans, rivers, straits, canals:

the Atlantic (ocean), the Mediterranean (Sea), the North Sea, the Thames, the Mississippi, the Dardanelles, the Bering Strait, the Suez Canal, the English Channel

2. names of mountain chains and groups of islands:

a) the Pennine Range (the Pennines), the Alps, the Rocky Mountains

b) the Canary Islands (the Canaries), the Hawaii, the Bermudas

3. names of deserts:

the Sahara, the Gobi

4. names of mountain passes:

the Saint Gotthard Pass

5. geographic names having the plural form:

the Midlands, the Netherlands, the Yorkshire Forests

§ 58. Geographic names that are used with the zero article may take the definite or the indefinite article under the following conditions:

1. if a limiting article is used a geographic name takes the definite article:

It was not the France of his youth.

2. if a descriptive article is used a geographic name has the indefinite article:

It was a different Paris, unknown to him.

3. the definite article is used in the following patterns containing the preposition of:

the Bay of Biskay, the City of New York, the Mount of Olives, the Isle of Man, the Gulf of Mexico, the Strait of Dover

Articles with other semantic groups of proper names

§ 59. Proper names of the following semantic groups take no article:

1. names of streets, squares, parks:

Broadway, Fleet Street, Wall Street, Piccadilly, Trafalgar Square, Central Park, Hyde Park

Note. The exceptions are the Strand (in London), the High Street, the Main Street (in the USA).

2. names of airports and railway stations:

London Airport, Kennedy Airport, Waterloo Station, Victoria Station

3. names of universities and colleges:

Oxford University, Harvard University, Brasenose College, Hertford College

4. names of magazines and journals:

National Geographic, Punch, Language

5. names of days of the week and names of months:

Monday, Tuesday, April, July

6. names of buildings, bridges:

Buckingham Palace, Westminster Abbey, Colosseum, St. Paul's Cathedral, Westminster Bridge, Tower Bridge

Note. Some names of buildings, however, are used with the definite article:

the White House, the Tower, the Old Bailey

§ 60. Nouns of some semantic groups require the definite article. They are:

1. names of hotels, clubs, museums, picture galleries, concert halls, theatres, cinemas, monuments:

the Hilton, the National Tennis Club, the National Gallery, the British Museum, the Louvre, the Carnegie Hall, the Albert Hall, the Old Vic, the Odeon, the Washington Monument, the Lincoln Memorial

2. names of ships and boats:

the Titanic, the Queen Mary

3. names of parties and institutions:

the Conservative Party, the Democratic Party, the London City Council, the House of Commons

Note. Parliament (in Britain) is used without any article (b u t: the British Parliament). The definite article before congress (in the USA) may be dropped, but it is equally correct to use it.

4. names of newspapers:

the Morning Star, the Daily World, the Economist, the Times