Фонетические упражнения № 41, № 42 and ex. V p. 132 (learn by heart), p. 131 Memory Work (by heart) Требования к выполнению фонетических упражнений см. К уроку № 2.

Text

Mr White Comes Again

1. Прослушайте текст в записи и сделайте интонационную разметку текстa (Phonetic Notes p. 128). Ex. XI p. 134.

Ex. VI p. 132 поможет Вам отработать наиболее сложные в звуковом и интонационном отношении места текстa.

2. Потренируйтесь читать текст за диктором (несколько раз).

3. Прочитайте текст без записи, обращая внимание на звуки и интонацию.

4. Выучите текст наизусть.

5. Переведите текст, используя Vocabulary Notes (p. 127).

6. Выучитe слова и выражения из Vocabulary Notes (p. 127 читать, писать, знать перевод), Topical Vocabulary (p. 128 читать, писать, знать перевод), Conversational Phrases.

Обязательное задание

1. Текст “Days and Months. Asking the Time” p. 447 (лингафонный курс № 20, запись есть на почте группы) – прочитать, перевести и выучить наизусть.

Grammar

1. C этого урока весь грамматический материал дается на языке.

2. Прочитайте правила, переведите, выучите материал и будьте готовы объяснять грамматические явления по-английски.

Lesson 10

Rule 1. The Present Indefinite Tense

(the simple present tense)

The formation

The Present Indefinite is formed from the infinitive without the particle to.

e.g. They phone my mother in London.

In the third person singular the ending -s (-es) is added.

e.g. She seldom slays long.

Alice works for an insurance company.

The pronunciation of the ~(e)s ending depends on the sound that comes before it. (The rules are exactly the same as for the pronunciation of the plural -(e)s ending) There are three different pronunciations for the third (3-d) person singular:

[s] after voiceless consonants as in wants

e.g. He never boasts.

[z] after voiced consonants and vowels as in leaves

e.g. George lives in Birmingham.

She never knows.

[jz] after the sibilants [s, z, S, Z, C, G] as in buzzes

e.g. He watches TV every evening.

Notes:

1. the irregular pronunciation: to say - says [sez]

to do - does [dAz]

2. to bath - baths [ba:Ts]

e.g. She baths the baby every evening.

3. after the vowel î - es is added.

e.g. to go - goes

In the interrogative form the auxiliary verb do (does) is placed before the subject

e.g. Do you speak English?Do you live round here? - Yes, I do. No, I don’t. (No, I do not)

Does he get up early? - Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t. (No, he does not.)

Does your husband do most of the cooking?

The notional verb is used in the infinitive form.

e.g. What does he sell?

How do you do it? What do you do?

What language do you speak?

I don’t suppose I want to buy a car, do you?

In questions to the subject the auxiliary verb is not used.

e.g. Who speaks German? -1 do. (He does)

Whose sister speaks English?

In the negative form the negative particle not is placed after the auxiliary verb. The contraction of does not is doesn’t.

e g He does not (doesn't) really mean it, does he?

They don’t often phone during the week.

The interrogative-negative forms are: Do you not..., Don’t I ... ?, Doesn’t he...? ("Разве не... ?")

e.g. Don’t you know? - Разве вы не,..?

The following adverbs are usually used with the Present Indefinite Tense: often, always, usually, seldom, sometimes, ever, never, rarely, frequently, etc. They are placed before the notional verb.

e g. When do you usually get up?

Note: The interrogative and negative forms of the verbs to be, to have (sometimes), can, may, must are formed without the auxiliary verb do.

e.g. Is the train late?

He hasn’t a home computer.

The use

There are several basic uses of the Present Indefinite Tense. It's used to express:

1. Universal truths.

e.g. Summer follows spring.

Gases expand when heated.

The sun sets in the West.

2. The general present or regular, customary actions.

e.g. My sister works in a bank.

I sometimes stay up till midnight.

3. Future actions.

a) in adverbial clauses of time and condition after the conjunctions when, till (until), before, after, as soon as, if unless (если не ...)

e.g. I promise not to try to see Robert till he asks for me.

If the weather is fine, we’ll go for a walk.

b) with verbs of motion such as go, come, leave, arrive when a future action is regarded as something fixed, especially for timetables.

e.g. The concert begins at six thirty next Friday evening.

I start my new job tomorrow.

The rector leaves for Kiev on Tuesday.

His train arrives at 12 sharp.

We find the same phenomenon in Russian. C.f. В воскресенье мы идём в театр.

4. Observations and declarations.

e.g. It says here that the tickets were expensive.

I hope so. I love you. I hate him.

5. Instructions (for giving and asking for them)

e.g. First you weight the ingredients.

You get your ticket from Ramona and you catch the 17.15 for Dover. OK?

Where do I pay? How do I get to the station?

You go straight on to the traffic light, then you turn left.

Rule 2. General questions in indirect speech

General questions in indirect speech are introduced by the conjunctions if or whether. After them the direct word order is used.

e.g. Does your sister help you?

He asks (me) if my sister helps me.

Notes:

1. We can use "me" if we want to.

2. A tag question also changes to the statement word order.

e.g. You are ready, aren 't you?

He asks (me) if / whether I am ready.

Rule 3. Indefinite and negative pronouns

The pronouns some, somebody, someone, something are used in affirmative sentences.

e.g. Something's the matter with my foot.

I want to ask you something.

The pronouns any, anybody, anyone, anything are used in interrogative and negative sentences and in conditional clauses.

e.g. I don’t want anything else.

If anyone asks, I’ll be back in an hour.

The negative pronouns are nobody, no one, nothing, no, none. Only one negation is used in an English sentence.

e.g. Nobody knows anything. (Никто ничего не знает)

Mary never tells anybody anything (Мэри никогда ничего никому не говорит)

I have never heard anything of the kind. (Я никогда ничего подобного не слышал).

Rule 4. Articles

The nouns day, night, morning, evening, afternoon are used without articles if they mean light and darkness or if they denote a certain part of the day.

e.g. It was evening.

Articles are not used in some expressions: at night, from morning till night.

The definite article is used when there is a particularizing attribute or when the situation makes them definite.

e.g. He will never forget the day when he met her.

The night was warm.

The indefinite article is used when there is a descriptive attribute (except early and late which are not descriptive).

e.g. I spent a sleepless night.

Did you have a successful morning?

but: It was early morning.

Note: Evening changes to night more or less at bedtime.

Additional information

Articles with names of times of the day and night

§ 39. This semantic group includes the following nouns: day, night, evening, morning, noon, afternoon, dusk, twilight, midnight, nightfall, daytime, sunrise, sunset.

Names of times of the day and night are used without any article in the following cases:

1. when they denote "light" or "darkness":

Dusk fell without my noticing it.

The sun set behind the hills and night came.

2. after the prepositions at, after, before, by, till, until, towards, past (at night, by evening, past midnight, at dawn, at dusk, before noon, till morning, until midnight, etc.):

Towards evening they went along to the restaurant car to have dinner.

All her life she always got up at dawn.

3. in the function of a predicative;

It was evening; the fishermen's boats were returning one by one.

It was dusk, but the men were still at sea.

4. when these nouns are modified by nouns denoting days of the week or the words yesterday or tomorrow:

He was the man who had sat on the Carlton terrace on Thursday afternoon.

We'll meet tomorrow morning.

5. in the combinations of adverbial character all day (long), all night (long), day after day, day in day out, from morning till night, night after night, day and night (night and day), from day to day:

The messenger rode day and night stopping only to change horses.

Workers at the first manufactures were made to work from morning till night.

Quietly Dr. Walker went to his work day after day.

Names of times of the day and night are used with the indefinite article if they are modified by descriptive attributes:

He told me how the sun set there on a spring afternoon.

It was a frosty night.

If these nouns are modified by the adjectives late or early, there is no article:

It was early morning.

By late afternoon the guests began to arrive for the official birthday party.

Nouns denoting times of the day and night are used with the definite article in the following cases:

1. when a specific night or day, etc. is meant (the limitation is mostly clear from the context or situation; sometimes a limiting attribute is used):

The rain had stopped and the night was starry.

The day came when he told her that he loved her.

The morning of his departure was raw and he was wearing a greatcoat.

2. when these nouns are used in a generic sense:

He spent the morning working at his novel and the afternoon walking in the fields.

3. after the prepositions in, during and through (in the morning, in the night, in the evening, in the daytime, in the afternoon, during the night, during the day, through the night, through the day, etc.):

It was six o'clock in the afternoon when he finally put the book down.

"The new edition came in the morning," the salesman said. "I'll get you a copy of the book."

"Perhaps one of the dogs knocked the parcel to the floor during the night," I spoke placating.

It snowed all through the night, and in the morning we saw that we were cut off from the world.

Note. After the preposition for both the definite and indefinite articles are possible depending on the meaning:

I must go to Sheffield for the day (the day is specified),

I must go to Sheffield for a day (for one day; it is not specified which day it is).

4. when these nouns are preceded by the pronoun other:

I met Jones in Oxford Street the other day.

He thought that he had seen the man come into the hotel lobby in company with McKinnon the other morning.