5. Use the verbs in brackets in the required indefinite tense (поставьтеглаголвскобкахвподходящуюпосмыслуформувременигруппыIndefinite).

1. Will you (to travel) to the Crimea or to the Caucasus?

2. It (to be) possible or impossible for you to get to the university in 5 minutes?

3. They (not to know) the words properly.

4. Our family (not to travel) to the Crimea last year.

1. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

FROM THE HISTORY OF BUILDING

Nowadays when it is necessary to have a very tall building, the frame of it is first built in steel and then the building is completed in concrete. Concrete is an artificial kind of stone, much cheaper than brick or natural stone and much stronger than they are.

The earliest findings of concrete building fragments belonging to prehistoric times were discovered in Mexico and Peru. The Egyptians in the construction of bridges, roads and town walls employed it. There are evidences that ancient Greeks also used concrete in the building purposes. The use of concrete by the ancient Romans can be traced back as far as 500 B.C. *They were the first to use it throughout the ancient Roman Empire *on a pretty large scale and many constructions made of concrete remain till nowadays thus proving the long life of buildings made of concrete. Of course, it was not the concrete people use today. It consisted of mud. clay and pure lime, which were used to hold together the roughly broken stone in foundations and walls. It was the so-called "pseudo concrete". The idea of such building material might have been borrowed from the ancient Greeks as some samples of it were found in the ruins of Pompeii.

A few explanations to the text

1. They were the first to use... — онипервымииспользовали2 on a pretty large scale— вдовольноширокихмасштабах

Key vocabulary /expressions art оf building — искусствостроитьbrick [brik] — nкирпич

borrow ['borou] — v (from) занимать, заимствовать

concrete [’konkrit] —nбетон.

dome [doum]—nкупол

dwell [dwel] —vжить, проживать

embody [im'bodi] — vолицетворять, воплощать

erectfi’rekt] —vвозводить, строить

findjfaind] — v (out) обнаружить, найти

kiln [kiln]— nобжиговая печь, сушильная печь

pile [pail] — nсвая, столб

pillarfpils] — nстолб, колонна

remains [ri' meinz] — лpi остатки, руины

tribe [traib]—nплемя

2. Give the degrees of comparison of the following adjectives and adverbs( Образуйтестепенисравненияотследующихприлагательныхинаречий)

narrow, high, large, big, thoroughly

3. Readandtranslatethesentences(прочитайте и переведите письменно предложения на русский язык)

1. The more you study during the semester, the less you have to study before exams.

2. The faster we finish our test, the sooner we can leave the classroom.

4. Put the questions to the underlined parts, of the sentences (поставьтевопросыкподчеркнутойчастипредложения).

This student translates well, (who? how?)

5. Answer the following ALTERNATIVE QUESTIONS (ответьтенавопросы).

1. Do you want to travel by bus or by train?

2. Is it possible or impossible to bathe in the sea in winter?

6. Read and translate the questions (переведитеписьменновопросы).

1. We have not to hurry, have we?

2. She had to leave, hadn't she?

7. Finishthequestions(закончи разделительный вопрос).

1. We have to sign this,... ?

2. Let's go home,... ?

8. Translatethefollowingsentences(переведите письменно предложения, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты).

1. Неcan translate this text without a diсtionary. Can you translate it without a dictionary? —No. I cannot (I can't), 1 am not

an expert in English.

2. Can a little boy lift a car? — No, he can't. He cannot do it because the car is too heavy for him.

3. If you cannot have the best, make the best of what you have.

9. Translate the sentences with the construction "there is/are, etc" (переведитепредложениясоборотом'ТЬегеis/are).

1. There are two new hotels under construction in this part of the city.

2. There exist at present different varieties of bricks.

10. Insert the necessary verb: make or do (вставьтеподходящийглаголmake илиdo).

1. If he ... a mistake, he will have to... his lesson again.

2. It will only ... you good.

11. TranslateintoEnglishpayingattentiontoPASSIVEVOICE(переведите на английский язык, обращая внимание на предложения в пассивном залоге).

1. Когда был построен этот небоскреб?

2. Лекции по философии посещаются всеми студентами нашей группы.

12. Use the verbs in brackets in the required INDEFINITE TENSE (поставьтеглаголвскобкахвподходящуюпосмыслуформувременигруппыINDEFINITE).

1. Our group (to go) to the discotheque tonight.

2. We (to get) books from the library next week.

3. We (not to go) to the park in the evening.

4. He (to show) us his report yesterday.

1. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст на русский язык.

Construction Works

The first houses were built for the purpose of protecting their owners from the weather and, therefore, were very simple—a roof to keep off the rain or snow, and walls to keep out the wind. The building erected now can be divided into two broad classifications: they are either for housing or for industrial purpose.

As far as the material is concerned, the building can be divided into stone (or brick), wood and concrete types. The brick is an artificial material made of clay then burnt to harden it. The natural stone (rubble masonry) is used for footing and foundations for external walls carrying the load. The buildings made of stone or brick are durable, fire-proof and have poor heat conductivity. The tiers or levels which divide a building into stages or stories are called floors. These may be of timber but in stone buildings they are made of ferro-concrete details in great and small sizes. The coverings or upper parts of buildings constructed over to keep out rain and wind and to preserve the interior from exposure to the weather, are called roofs. These should tie the walls and give strength and firmness to the construction. Every building must be beautiful in appearance and proportional in various parts.

Any building should be provided with water, electricity, ventilation and heating system. Getting water into the house is called plumbing. The first part of this problem is called water supply and the second one is called drainage or Sewerage.

A few explanations to the text

1... .followed its progress with interest.—с интересом следил за его ростом

2. basic and detailed engineering — выполнение проектной документации

3. starting up and adjustment operations—пуско-наладочныеработыKey vocabulary / expressions

basement ['beizmant] —и фундамент, основание; подвал

beam [bi:m]—nбалка, балансир

cause [ko:z]—nпричина, сторона

coat — nпокрытие, ~ слой (краски)

commission—vпускать в эксплуатацию

contractor—nподрядчик

designedperformance — проектная мощность

foundation [faun'deijn] —nоснование, фундамент

framework [’freimwa:k] —nконструкция, структура

footing - основание, фундамент, опора

girder[' ga :da]- nпоясная балка, прогон

precommissioning works—предпусковыеработы

spare parts—v запасныечасти

timber [’timba] —nлесоматериал, строевой лес, балка