- •Describe the basic methods of economic research.
- •Describe the major types of research.
- •Give a description of the analysis and synthesis.
- •Give the description of the method of knowledge and presentation. Scientific abstraction.
- •Describe the structure of the thesis.
- •Describe the basic principles of writing a scientific article.
- •Methods of collection and analysis of information sources for writing a research paper.
- •8. Describe the inductive and deductive methods of cognition.
- •Induction
- •Basic principles of modeling method.
- •Rules for writing a scientific article.
- •11. Describe modern methods of analysis of information for scientific writing.
- •12. Describe abstraction as a method of economic research.
- •13. Describe the method of mathematical and statistical analysis.
- •1. Mean
- •2. Standard Deviation
- •3. Regression
- •4. Sample Size Determination
- •5. Hypothesis Testing
- •14. Give a description of the basic terminology used in the writing of scientific papers.
- •15. Describe the dialectical method in the economy.
- •16. The structure and rules of writing an essay.
- •Include a Purposeful Conclusion
- •17. Describe the basic features of an essay.
- •18. Describe the four levels of academic writing in English.
- •19. The nature, structure and functions of economic methodology
- •20. Describe the main types of scientific papers.
- •21. Essay: “my master’s thesis” How do I Choose a Master’s Thesis Topic?
- •Talk with Your Advisor
- •Think About Your Interests
- •Look at a Topic You Can Test
- •Check Journals and Publications
- •22. Essay: “The basic rule in choosing the theme of scientific work”
- •23. Essay: “modern problems of scientific research”
- •24. Essay: “Describe the current sources of information for scientific writing”
- •25. Essay: “The use of information technology in the writing of scientific papers”
- •26.Essay “ Passage of Anti-Plagiarism, citing the rules”
- •27. Essay”Formulation of the problem in the writing of scientific work”
- •28. Essay”Describe the main challenges in the writing of the thesis”
- •29. Essay” The structure of the thesis and its writing rules”
- •Introduction
- •30. Essay”Problems arising from the data collection”
12. Describe abstraction as a method of economic research.
An abstract is a concise summary of a larger project (a thesis, research report, performance, service project, etc.) that concisely describes the content and scope of the project and identifies the project’s objective, its methodology and its findings, conclusions, or intended results.
ABSTRACTION:→Simplifying the complexities of the real world by ignoring (hopefully) unimportant details while doing economic analysis. Abstraction is an essential feature of the scientific method. Hypothesis verification, model construction, and comparative static analysis are not possible without abstraction.
Abstracting from the details of the real world is essential to the study of economics and any other scientific endeavor. The scientific method would not, could not, exist without abstraction. For example, a market graph is NOT an actual market. It merely represents market activity. Analyzing price changes are easier with the abstraction of a market model.
Abstraction is often criticized for not being realistic. This charge is correct. Abstraction is most definitely not realistic. It would not be abstraction if it was realistic. Abstraction is the process of highlighting only relevant information for analysis.
Three common abstraction methods used in economics are words, graphs, and equations.
Words: One of the earliest methods of abstraction developed by humans is to represent objects and ideas with words. This is a handy way of doing economic abstraction, too. For example, writing the word "frog" on a piece of paper does not mean an actual frog is on the paper. The word only represents the idea of a frog. In the same way, economists use words to represent economic concepts, principles, and relations--such as money or income. The downside to words, however, is that they can have different meanings.
Graphs: Pictures, especially graphical pictures, are often worth thousands of words. Many economic theories are abstractly represented with graphs. While the word "frog" could be misinterpreted as a parched throat, a picture of a frog can be used to represent this amphibious fellow more clearly. Many economic relations lend themselves to graphical pictures, especially lines and curves.
Equations: While pictures might be worth a thousand words, they are flat and two dimensional. As such, economic concepts, principles, and theories are often abstractly represented by equations. Graphs are an excellent way of representing relations between two variables, such as the price of shoes and the quantity of the shoes sold. Economics, however, is often interested in more than two things. This is where mathematical equations are useful. Equations are mathematical relations between variables. In principle, equations can represent relations between any number of variables. The relation between three variables Y, X, and Z can be represented by an equation such as:
Y = 3 + 2X - 4Z.
This equations shows the connection between X and Y, and between Z and Y. More variables can be added easily to this equation to represent more relations.