1. Hypercalcemia

2. Diabetes mellitus

3. Hypothyroidism

4. Diabetes insipidus

5. Hypokalemia

Answer: C* Hypothyroidism

2. Renal Medicine.

1. Urine.

***) All of the following can cause hematuria, except:

1. Renal stone

2. Renal tuberculosis

3. Malignant hypertension

4. Renal tubular acidosis

5. Cystitis

Answer: D* Renal tubular acidosis

***) All of the following can cause hematuria, except:

1. Prostate carcinoma

2. Tuberculosis

3. Stone

4. Pregnancy

5. Papillary necrosis

Answer: D* Pregnancy

***) Hematuria either macroscopic or microscopic is found in all of the following, except:

1. Infective endocarditis

2. Papillary necrosis

3. Use of anticoagulants

4. Amyloidosis

5. Schistosoma haematobium infection

Answer: D* Amyloidosis

***) Recognized causes of macroscopic hematuria include all of the following, except:

1. Glomerulonephritis

2. Urinary tract infection

3. Accelerated hypertension

4. Exposure to cold

5. Renal cysts

Answer: D* Exposure to cold

***) Recognized causes of macroscopic hematuria include all of the following, except:

1. Glomerulonephritis

2. Renal cyst

3. Urinary tract infection

4. Renal calculus

5. Proximal tubular acidosis

Answer: E* Proximal tubular acidosis

***) Painless hematuria is the leading presentation of:

1. Renal cell carcinoma

2. Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

3. Ureteric stone

4. Pelvi-ureteric obstruction

5. Ureterocele

Answer: D* Renal cell carcinoma

***) All of the following can cause proteinuria in excess of 3 grams per 24 hours, except:

1. Membranous glomerulonephritis

2. Malignant hypertension

3. Diabetic nephropathy

4. Obstructive uropathy

5. Renal amyloidosis

Answer: D* Obstructive uropathy

***) The protein present in the greatest quantity in the urine of normal people is:

1. Albumin

2. Tamm-Horsfall protein

3. Gamma globulin

4. Amylase

5. Bence-Jones protein

Answer: A* Albumin

***) All of the following statements are correct about routine urine examination, except:

1. Specific gravity of 1015 is normal

2. Red blood cell cast is normal finding

3. One red blood cell is normal finding

4. One white blood cell is normal finding

5. Negative sugar is normal finding

Answer: B* Red blood cell cast is normal finding

2. Urinary Tract Infections.

***) The commonest cause of urinary tract infection is:

1. Proteus species

2. Escherichia coli

3. Klebsiella

4. Pseudomonas

5. Citrobacter species

Answer: B* Escherichia coli

***) The most definitive diagnosis for urinary tract infection is:

1. Presence of 10 000 bacteria per ml in urine culture

2. Presence of WBC in the urine

3. Presence of WBC and protein in the urine

4. Presence of 100 000 bacteria per ml in a properly collected urine by culture

5. Presence of pain in the right loin

Answer: D* Presence of 100 000 bacteria per ml in a properly collected urine by culture

***) Regarding urinary tract infection all of the following are true, except:

1. Frequency and foul smelling urine are presenting complaints

2. First morning specimen voided is not suitable for colony count

3. Fever

4. Abdominal pain

5. Nearly always causes pyuria

Answer: B* First morning specimen voided is not suitable for colony count

***) As regards recurrent urinary tract infection, one is correct:

1. The commonest organism is Klebsiella

2. Affects males more than females

3. It is a common cause of chronic renal failure

4. The aim of management is clinical cure

5. Children are immune to develop this disease

Answer: C* It is a common cause of chronic renal failure