1. Raised intracranial pressure

2. Uncomplicated duodenal ulcer

3. Diabetic ketoacidosis

4. Hypercalcemia

5. Digitalis intoxication

Answer: B* Uncomplicated duodenal ulcer

7. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.

***) All of the following are known complications of gastro-esophageal reflux, except:

1. Anemia

2. Aspiration

3. Barret's esophagus

4. Motility disturbances

5. Gastric peptic ulcer

Answer: E* Gastric peptic ulcer

8. Diarrhea.

***) Diarrhea may occur with all of the following, except:

1. Crohn's disease

2. Diabetes mellitus

3. Sarcoidosis

4. Thyrotoxicosis

5. Lincomycin intake

Answer: C* Sarcoidosis

***) Diarrhea may occur with all of the following, except:

1. Food poisoning

2. Viral gastroenteritis

3. Inflammatory bowel disease

4. Colonic neoplasia

5. Hypothyroidism

Answer: E* Hypothyroidism

***) Diarrhea may occur with all of the following, except:

1. Diabetes mellitus

2. Hyperparathyroidism

3. Carcinoid syndrome

4. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

5. Carcinoma of colon

Answer: B* Hyperparathyroidism

***) Bloody diarrhea is caused by all the following, except:

1. Bacillary dysentery

2. Cholera

3. Colonic carcinoma

4. Ulcerative colitis

5. Shistosomiasis

Answer: B* Cholera

***) All are causes of infectious diarrhea, except:

1. Giardia lamblia

2. Shigella sp

3. Salmonella sp

4. Yersinia entcrocolitica

5. Helicobacter pylori

Answer: E* Helicobacter pylori

***) A 25 years old man who just arrived from a trip overseas, complains of bloody diarrhea for few days. The least likely cause is:

1. Giardiasis

2. Shigella enteritis

3. Amoebic dysentery

4. Campylobacter infection

5. Ulcerative colitis

Answer: A* Giardiasis

***) The most appropriate intervention to prevent dehydration in patients with watery diarrhea is:

1. Limit oral intake

2. Intravenous saline

3. Oral rehydration salt (ORS) solution

4. Antimotility agents

5. Antibacterial agents

Answer: C* Oral rehydration salt (ORS) solution

9. Gi Bleeding.

***) 50 years old male presented with massive hematemesis and found to have splenomegaly, clubbing and palmar erythema. You must think of bleeding from: Q2012

1. Mallory-Weiss tear

2. Esophageal varices

3. Duodenal ulcer

4. Gastric ulcer

5. Erosive gastritis

Answer: B* Esophageal varices

***) Which of the following is the commonest cause of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding:

1. Acute gastric ulcer

2. Gastric carcinoma

3. Varices (esophageal)

4. Duodenal ulcer

5. Mallory-Weiss syndrome

Answer: D* Duodenal ulcer

***) Hematemesis and melena may be caused by all of the following, except:

1. Gastric carcinoma

2. Gastric ulcer

3. Mallory-Weiss syndrome

4. Duodenal ulcer

5. Hypothyroidism

Answer: E* Hypothyroidism

***) Causes of hematemesis include all of the following, except:

1. Peptic ulcer

2. Acute erosive gastritis

3. Gastric carcinoma

4. Pancreatic carcinoma

5. Mallory-Weiss syndrome

Answer: D* Pancreatic carcinoma

***) Hematemesis and melena in a patient with liver cirrhosis is likely to be due to all of the following, except:

1. Gastric ulcer

2. Hepatoma

3. Bleeding esophagus varices

4. Duodenal ulcer

5. Abnormal clotting mechanism

Answer: B* Hepatoma

***) Which of the following is considered as a poor prognostic indicator in upper gastrointestinal bleeding:

1. A presentation of melena rather than hematemesis

2. Young age

3. Chronic rather than acute ulcer

4. Duodenal rather than gastric ulcer

5. Female sex

Answer: D* Duodenal rather than gastric ulcer

***) All of the following drugs may produce GI bleeding, except:

1. Salicylates

2. Mg trisilicate

3. Steroids

4. Anticoagulants

5. Phenothiazines

Answer: B* Mg trisilicate

***) All are causes of melena, except:

1. Esophageal varices

2. Bleeding duodenal ulcer

3. Aorto-duodenal fistula

4. Hematobilia

5. Hemorrhoids

Answer: E* Hemorrhoids

***) In acute bleeding from esophageal varices after resuscitation, the treatment of choice is:

1. Intra-arterial vasopressin

2. Balloon tamponade

3. Endoscopic sclerotherapy

4. Portocaval shunt

5. Gastroesophageal devascularization

Answer: B* Balloon tamponade