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… is a device which may be encountered not so much in the sentence as in the macro - structures dealt with the syntactical whole and the paragraph.parallel construction

… - is an identical repetition of conjunctions: used to emphasize simultaneousness of described actions, to disclose the authors subjective attitude towards the characters, to create the rhythmical effect.polysyndeton

… - is the omission of a word necessary for the complete syntactical construction of a sentence, but not necessary for understanding. The stylistic function of ellipsis used in author's narration is to change its tempo, to connect its structure.ellipsis

…- is a compositional device which is realized through the separation of the Predicate from the Subject by deliberate introduction between them of a clause or a sentence.suspense

… is a deliberate avoidance of conjunctions in constructions in which they would normally used.asyndeton

… is a SD based on the author's desire to stress certain ualities of the thing by appointing it to another thing possessing antagonistic features.antithesis

… is a SD which separates things, properties or actions brought together and form a chain of grammatically and semantically homogeneous parts of the utterance. enumeration

… is based on repetition of syntactical patterns, but it has a reversed order in one of the utterances.chiasmus

… is one that expects no answer. It is asked in order to make a statement rather than to get a reply. They are freuently used in dramatic situation and in publisistic style.rhetorical question

… is the transfer of the meaning on the basis of con¬tiguity/nearness of two objects, on the real association of the object of nomination with the object whose name is transferred. metonymy

…. is a figure logically and psychologically opposite of hyperbole. It is a deliberate understatement, the underestimating/diminishing of the features of the object in order to emphasize its insignificance.meiosis

…. is created in case one common uantitative feature characterizes an object in a greater degree.hyperbole

…is the transfer of the name of one object or person to another based on likeness, similarity of some features of these two objects. Metaphor

A type of understatement, a specific form of meiosis is….. It presents an affirmative statement in the form of negation. litotes

Any change which doesn't influence the meaning but is only aimed at emphasis is called ….stylistic inversion

At noon Mrs. Turpin would get out of bed and humor, put on kimano, airs, and the water to boil for coffee. (O. Henry) zeugma

He amused the tablemetonymy

He couldn't go abroad alone, the sea upset his liver, he hated hotels.asyndeton

He was a skinny little guy with wrists as big as pencils. (J.Salinger)meiosis

His grey face was so long that he could wind it twice round his neck. (R. Chandler)hyperbole

His words were coming so fast; they were leap-frogging themselves. (R. Chandler)metaphor

How early you’ve come!irony

In went Mr. Pickwick.stylistic inversion

It presents two utterances the second is brought into the focus of the reader's attention.gap - sentence - link

It was my older brother - her darling - who was to in¬herit her resoluteness, her stubbornness, her table silver and some of her eccentricities. (J. Cheever)zeugma

It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the era of incredulity. (Ch. Dickens)antithesis

Love overcomes no small things.litotes

My dearest daughter, at your feet I fall.stylistic inversion

On the hall table there were a couple of letters addressed to her. One was the bill. The other... aposiopesis

She dropped a tear and her handkerchief. (Dickens)zeugma

She gave her heart to the young man.Metonymy

She was a good sport about all this, but so was he.chiasmus

Slowly, silently, now the moon walks the night in her silvery shoon (shoes) (de la Mare)personification

State the type of the stylistic device: She wasn't sure of anything and more, of him, herself, their friends, her work, her future.enumeration

Sudden break in the narration has the function to reveal agitated state of the speaker. (Break - in - the narrative)aposiopesis

The cock is crowing, the stream is flowing, The small birds twitter, The lake doth glitter.parallel construction

The coffee shop smell was strong enough to build a garage on. (R. Chandler)hyperbole

The Downing Street is ready to offer a warm welcome.Metonymy

The heaviest rain, and snow, and hail, and sleet, could boast of the advantage over him in only one respect.polysyndeton

The house itself was not so much. It was smaller than Buckingham Palace, rather grey for California, and probably had fewer windows then the Chrysler Building. (R. Chandler)irony

The iron hate in Soul pushed him on again. (M. Wilson)epithet

The ugly one, Laverne, wasn't too bad a dancer, but the other one, old Marty, was like dragging the Statue of Liberty around the floor. (J. Salinger )simile

They speak like saints and act like devils.antithesis

What was the good of discontented people who fitted in nowhere?rhetorical question

Would you mind getting the hell out of my way?meiosis

You feel all right? Anything wrong or what?ellipsis

"it is a recognized term for a group of words that exists in almost every language and whose aim is to preserve secrecy within one or another social group. These are generally old words with entirely new meanings imposed on them". The given definition is appropriate for: Jargon-isms

"These are expletives and swear words which are of an abusive character, obscene word like "damn", "bloody" etc". The given definition is appropriate forVulgar words

"These are the words of foreign origin which have not been entirely been assimilated into the English language. They bear the appearance of a borrowing and are left as something alien to the native tongue".Barbarisms and foreignism

Archaism proper are...antiquated or obsolete words replaced by new ones

Archaisms are:words denoting such concepts and phenomena that have gone out of use in modern times

Archaisms are:words, used by limited groups of people, united socially

Dialectal words are: normative and devoid of any stylistic meaning in regional dialects, but used outside of them, carry a strong flavour of the locality where they belong

Historical words are...words denoting such concepts and phenomena that have gone out of use in modern times

In Great Britain four major dialects are distinguished:Lowland Scotch. Northern, Midland (Central) and Southern

In the USA the following dialectal varieties are distinguished:New England, Southern and Midwestern (Central, Midland)

Jargonisms are:words, used by most speakers in very informal communication, highly emotive and expressive

Lexical stylistic devices are...SD based on the binary opposition of lexical meanings regardless of the syntactical organization of the utterance

Morphological or partial archaisms are...archaic forms of otherwise non-archaic words

Obsolescent words are the words which:are in the beginning of the aging process when the word becomes rarely used, i.e. they are in the stage of gradually passing out of general use, e.g. pronouns thy, thee, thine, thouh

Obsolete words are the words which:have already gone completely out of use but are still recognized by the English-speaking community: e.g. methinks^it seems to me); nay(=no).

Poetic and Highly literary words belong to_______layerLiterary

Poetic words are...archaic words with the fixed sphere of usage in poetry and elevated prose and with the

Professionalisms are:words, used by limited groups of people, united professionally

Slang is:words, used by most speakers in very informal communication, highly emotive and expressive

Syntactical stylistic devices are...SD based on the binary opposition of syntactical meanings regardless of their semantics

Terms are:words denoting objects, processes, phenomena of science, humanities, technique

The actual situation of the communication has evolved two varieties of language:The spoken and written varieties

The biggest division of vocabulary is made up of:Neutral words

The main source of synonymy and polysemy are considered to beNeutral words

The word-stock of any given language can be roughly divided into the following groups:Literary, neutral and colloquial vocabulary