Requirements to the selected theme

1) The theme should be relevant, that is be important to be solved now. This requirement is one of the main criteria for establishing the degree of the theme urgency.

2) The theme should solve new scientific problems. This means that the theme of concrete formulation has never been developed or is not under development now, i.e., it is not duplicated. All, that is already known, cannot be the subject of the scientific research.

3) The thema should be significant. This requirement is the element that determines the prestige of the state’s science and is the foundation for the applied research.

4) The theme should match the profile of the scientific team. Each research team has its own profile, qualifications, competence. And they have to match the theme requirements.

Forming a working hypothesis is the creation of a researcher assumptions, probable reasons justification for the facts, observable phenomena existence. It is characteristic, that the hypothesis offers the new content that occurs beyond the limits of existing knowledge. The hypothesis puts forward new ideas, which are probabilistic in nature, but on the basis of which the new data are searched for.

The main purpose of the hypothesis is to reveal the objective links and relations, which are crucial to the phenomenon under investigation.

Requirements to the hypothesis are:

— The ability to test it. This is a logical requirement, compliance with which gives the right to its extension.

— Predictability of its action.

— The logic non-contradiction. The hypothesis is not at odds with accumulated facts and known theories.

2.3 Definition of objectives, tasks, object and subject of study

Research objectives is the ultimate goal, the end result, to which the whole research is directed.

Research object is the process or phenomenon, generating the scientific problem, which is selected for the study.

Research subject is those essential connections and relationships in the considered object, which are subjects of the direct study of the research.

In other words, the object is something that is explored, and the subject is something in this object, which has a new scientific explanation, which determines the direction of the consideration, gives an idea about the content of the research object. The subject shows, what new relationships, properties, aspects and features of the object are revealed in the investigations.

The wording of the object and subject of the research is a process, which is based on an analysis of the knowledge. This knowledge is the content of books, articles, patents, reports, etc., relating to the area to be in consideration.

The perseverance and regularity are the important factors in the processing of text information materials.

An indispensable condition for the analysis of selected research literature is to write and read notes. The notes allow the researchers to better perceive and absorb the material and keep it for further work. The following kinds of notes are usually used.

Extract is a short summary of the content of individual fragments (sections, paragraphs, pages) in the information source. The extract allows a small volume to accumulate a large amount of information.

Abstract is a brief and precise content of the original source. The abstract is formed for a document as a whole.

Summary is a detailed, analyzed content of the document presentation. The main thing in the abstract making is the ability to allocate a grain of truth in the subject of the study. The summary completeness means not the record volume but all that is important in this document.

The presence of abstracts, summaries, synopses is a prerequisite for the investigation. This is particularly important for the preparation of the analytical review of the literature on the subject of research (the first section in the dissertation).

Sources can be systematized:

— in chronological order,

— on the topics of the issue (thematic review).

First, the monographs are analyzed, which summed up the results of investigations on the subject. Further articles and other sources are analyzed.

The justification of the relevance and prospects of the scientific research purpose is the idea and purpose of the source analysis. Each source is analyzed from the perspective of the scientific contribution to the development of the topic.

As a result of the information processing the methodological conclusions are made, which summarize the critical analysis. The following issues should be reflected in them:

— relevance and novelty of the topic;

— recent advances in the field of the theoretical and applied research on the topic;

— the scientific feasibility of the implementation of the new study.

On the basis of these conclusions the objectives and tasks of the scientific research are formulated in general terms, as well as the object and subject of the investigations are determined.

The number of research tasks can usually range from three to eight. By this, the project supervisor plays the important role. It limits and directs the search, helps to understand the things (especially young scientists) in the large flow of primary and secondary information, discard the secondary, unimportant sources.